Alternative reproductive tactics of unflanged and flanged male orangutans revisited.

Autor: Kunz JA; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.; Institute des Sciences de l'Evolution Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France., Duvot GJ; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland., Ashbury AM; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.; Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany., Willems EP; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland., Spillmann B; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Dunkel LP; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland., Bin Abdullah M; Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Primates Research Center, Universitas Nasional, South Jakarta, Indonesia., Schuppli C; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.; Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany., Vogel ER; Department of Anthropology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA., Utami Atmoko SS; Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Primates Research Center, Universitas Nasional, South Jakarta, Indonesia., van Noordwijk MA; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.; Comparative Socioecology Group, Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany., van Schaik CP; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Comparative Socioecology Group, Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: American journal of primatology [Am J Primatol] 2023 Sep; Vol. 85 (9), pp. e23535. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 20.
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23535
Abstrakt: In many slowly developing mammal species, males reach sexual maturity well before they develop secondary sexual characteristics. Sexually mature male orangutans have exceptionally long periods of developmental arrest. The two male morphs have been associated with behavioral alternative reproductive tactics, but this interpretation is based on cross-sectional analyses predominantly of Northwest Sumatran populations. Here we present the first longitudinal analyses of behavioral changes of 10 adult males that have been observed in both unflanged and flanged morph. We also analyzed long-term behavioral data on an additional 143 individually identified males from two study sites, Suaq (Sumatra, Pongo abelii) and Tuanan (Borneo, Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), to assess male mating tactics cross-sectionally in relation to population, male morph (unflanged and flanged), and other socio-ecological factors. Both our longitudinal and cross-sectional results confirm and refine previous cross-sectional accounts of the differences in mating tactics between the unflanged and the flanged male morphs. In the unflanged morph, males exhibit higher sociability, particularly with females, and higher rates of both copulation and sexual coercion than in the flanged morph. Based on our results and those of previous studies showing that females prefer flanged males, and that flanged males have higher reproductive success, we conclude that unflanged males face a trade-off between avoiding male-male contest competition and gaining mating access to females, and thus follow a "best-of-a-bad-job" mating strategy.
(© 2023 The Authors. American Journal of Primatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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