Cellular functions of eukaryotic RNA helicases and their links to human diseases.

Autor: Bohnsack KE; Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. katherine.bohnsack@med.uni-goettingen.de., Yi S; Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA., Venus S; Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA., Jankowsky E; Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. exj13@case.edu.; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. exj13@case.edu.; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. exj13@case.edu.; Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA. exj13@case.edu., Bohnsack MT; Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. markus.bohnsack@medizin.uni-goettingen.de.; Göttingen Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. markus.bohnsack@medizin.uni-goettingen.de.; Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany. markus.bohnsack@medizin.uni-goettingen.de.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology [Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol] 2023 Oct; Vol. 24 (10), pp. 749-769. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 20.
DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00628-5
Abstrakt: RNA helicases are highly conserved proteins that use nucleoside triphosphates to bind or remodel RNA, RNA-protein complexes or both. RNA helicases are classified into the DEAD-box, DEAH/RHA, Ski2-like, Upf1-like and RIG-I families, and are the largest class of enzymes active in eukaryotic RNA metabolism - virtually all aspects of gene expression and its regulation involve RNA helicases. Mutation and dysregulation of these enzymes have been linked to a multitude of diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. In this Review, we discuss the regulation and functional mechanisms of RNA helicases and their roles in eukaryotic RNA metabolism, including in transcription regulation, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome assembly, translation and RNA decay. We highlight intriguing models that link helicase structure, mechanisms of function (such as local strand unwinding, translocation, winching, RNA clamping and displacing RNA-binding proteins) and biological roles, including emerging connections between RNA helicases and cellular condensates formed through liquid-liquid phase separation. We also discuss associations of RNA helicases with human diseases and recent efforts towards the design of small-molecule inhibitors of these pivotal regulators of eukaryotic gene expression.
(© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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