Case-Control Study to Estimate the Association Between Tdap Vaccination During Pregnancy and Reduced Risk of Pertussis in Newborn Infants in Peru, 2019-2021.

Autor: Juscamayta-López E; Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru.; Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración (GA, AGL), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru., Valdivia F; Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru., Soto MP; Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru., Horna H; Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru., Pajuelo M; Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Open forum infectious diseases [Open Forum Infect Dis] 2023 Jun 27; Vol. 10 (7), pp. ofad325. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 27 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad325
Abstrakt: Background: Despite widespread vaccination, pertussis has re-emerged as a serious public health concern worldwide. Since 2017, Peru has experienced an increase in pertussis cases exhibiting a higher risk of severity and death in young infants. Thus, a dose of the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine is recommended for pregnant women in the third trimester. Although evidence suggests the maternal Tdap vaccine is safe and effective, its association with a reduced risk of pertussis in developing countries remains poorly investigated.
Methods: We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the association between Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and reduction in the risk of pertussis among infants aged <2 months in Peru. Pertussis cases and controls treated in healthcare facilities nationwide between 2019 and 2021 and confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction were included. The controls were randomly selected from test-negative patients. Odds ratios (ORs) and vaccine effectiveness (VE) were calculated using a multiple logistic regression model and 1 - (OR) × 100%, respectively.
Results: Fifty cases and 150 controls were included in the analysis. The mothers of 4% of cases and 16.7% of controls received Tdap vaccination during pregnancy, resulting in an OR of 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI], .04-.86) and VE of 81% (95% CI, 14%-96%) for preventing pertussis in infants.
Conclusions: Peruvian infants <2 months old whose mothers received the Tdap vaccine in the third trimester of pregnancy had a significantly lower risk of pertussis. The Tdap vaccination is thus an effective intervention to reduce the burden of pertussis in at-risk populations.
Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts of interest.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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