Free and bound sodium identification by skin dielectric properties separation algorithm of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (spa-BIS) in human skin model.
| Autor: | Ibrahim KA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 2638522, Japan., Wicaksono R; Electrical and Information Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia., Baidillah MR; Research Center for Electronics, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST Samaun Samadikun, Bandung 40135, Indonesia., Ito K; Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 2638522, Japan., Takei M; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 2638522, Japan. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Biomedical physics & engineering express [Biomed Phys Eng Express] 2023 Jul 27; Vol. 9 (5). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 27. |
| DOI: | 10.1088/2057-1976/ace7d8 |
| Abstrakt: | Free and bound sodium in human skin models have been identified by two proposals: skin's phantom fabrication and skin's dielectric properties separation algorithm of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy ( spa -BIS). The spa -BIS consist of conductivity-permittivity separation, contact impedance compensation, and a correlation score algorithm based on the vessel with a bipolar electrode. The skin phantom fabrication comprises a recipe combination with temperature-controlled protocol and sodium molarity calculation. In experiments, the human skin models are created to mimic the electrical properties of skin under1MHzwith several different sodium molarities. Based on five types of human skin models with five samples of each group, the free sodium type conductivity and concentration resultsR2=0.9903-following a linear trendline of concentration change in skin tissues theorems with the fRequency range from1kHzto1MHz,while the bound sodium type resultsR2=0.9061-.The spa -BIS compensate7-16Ωof vessel contact impedance. The dielectric properties of each type have been extracted with less than 10% of the average standard deviation, which is considered an accurate identification method of dermis dielectric properties. The algorithm successfully identifies sodium type: free sodium has a negative, and bound sodium has a positive correlation score trend. As an additional discussion, the different time-dependent effects, the different water content, and different agar content analyses have been provided in this study. As a robust analysis method, the spa -BIS has a prominent performance to replace a 23 Na-MRI in terms of free and bound sodium identification. (© 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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