Differing drivers of decline within a migratory metapopulation has implications for future conservation.

Autor: Ozsanlav-Harris L; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK.; Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Gloucester UK., Hilton GM; Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Gloucester UK., Griffin LR; Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Gloucester UK.; ECO-LG Ltd Dumfries UK., Walsh AJ; National Parks and Wildlife Service Wexford Wildfowl Reserve North Slob Ireland., Cao L; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China., Weegman MD; Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada., Bearhop S; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecology and evolution [Ecol Evol] 2023 Jul 14; Vol. 13 (7), pp. e10281. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 14 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10281
Abstrakt: Researchers generally ascribe demographic drivers in a single sub-population and presume they are representative. With this information, practitioners implement blanket conservation measures across metapopulations to reverse declines. However, such approaches may not be appropriate in circumstances where sub-populations are spatiotemporally segregated and exposed to different environmental variation. The Greenland White-fronted Goose, Anser albifrons flavirostris , is an Arctic-nesting migrant that largely comprises two sub-populations (delineated by northerly and southerly breeding areas in west Greenland). The metapopulation has declined since 1999 but this trend is only mirrored in one sub-population and the causes of this disparity are unclear. Here we compare the drivers and trends of productivity in both sub-populations using population- and individual-level analysis. We examined how temperature and precipitation influenced population-level reproductive success over 37 years and whether there was a change in the relationship when metapopulation decline commenced. In addition, we used biologging devices to remotely classify incubation events for 86 bird-years and modelled how phenology and environmental conditions influenced individual-level nest survival. Correlations between reproductive success and temperature/precipitation on the breeding grounds have weakened for both sub-populations. This has resulted in lower reproductive success for the northerly, but not southerly breeding sub-population, which at the individual-level appears to be driven by lower nest survival. Earlier breeding ground arrival and less precipitation during incubation increased nest survival in the northerly breeding population, while no factors examined were important for the southerly breeding sub-population. This suggests reproductive success is driven by different factor(s) in the two sub-populations. Demographic rates and their environmental drivers differ between the sub-populations examined here and consequently we encourage further decomposition of demography within metapopulations. This is important for conservation practitioners to consider as bespoke conservation strategies, targeting different limiting factors, may be required for different sub-populations.
Competing Interests: None to declare.
(© 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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