Global survey of dioxin- and thyroid hormone-like activities in consumer products and toys.

Autor: Behnisch P; BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Petrlik J; Arnika, Toxics and Waste Programme, Seifertova 85, 13000 Prague, Czech Republic; International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), 40010 Gothenburg, Sweden., Budin C; BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Besselink H; BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Felzel E; BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Strakova J; Arnika, Toxics and Waste Programme, Seifertova 85, 13000 Prague, Czech Republic; International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), 40010 Gothenburg, Sweden., Bell L; International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), 40010 Gothenburg, Sweden., Kuepouo G; Centre de Recherche et d'Education pour le Développement (CREPD), 00000 Yaoundé, Cameroon., Gharbi S; Association d'Education Environnementale pour les Futures Générations (AEEFG), 2070 Tunis, Tunisia., Bejarano F; Red de Acción sobre Plaguicidas y Alternativas en México (RAPAM), 56120 San Juanito, Texcoco, Estado de México, México., Jensen GK; The Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL), 1040 Brussels, Belgium., DiGangi J; International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), 40010 Gothenburg, Sweden., Ismawati Y; Nexus3 Foundation, 80223 Denpasar, Indonesia., Speranskaya O; HEJSupport, Von-Ruckteschell-Weg 16, 85221 Dachau, Germany., Da M; Shenzhen Zero Waste, 518000 Shenzhen, China., Pulkrabova J; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic., Gramblicka T; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic., Brabcova K; Arnika, Toxics and Waste Programme, Seifertova 85, 13000 Prague, Czech Republic., Brouwer A; BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: bram.brouwer@bds.nl.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environment international [Environ Int] 2023 Aug; Vol. 178, pp. 108079. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 08.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108079
Abstrakt: Background: Children and consumers are exposed to increasingly complex mixtures of known and as-yet-unknown toxic chemicals from toys and products. However traditional chemical analysis methods only evaluate a small number of chemicals at a time thereby restricting consumer awareness of the full range of potentially harmful chemicals in products.
Methods: We used high-throughput effect-based non-animal methods to investigate exposures to complex chemical mixtures of several kinds of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) for their dioxin- and thyroid hormone-like activities in various kinds of consumer products and toys from 26 different countries, on four continents (Africa, America, Asia and Europe) in combination with chemical analysis of various polybrominated flame retardants (BFRs) and their impurities (such as polyhalogenated PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs).
Results: We found high levels of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in toys and now, for the first time, also in consumer products that are manufactured from black plastics containing certain brominated flame retardants (BFRs). The presence of PBDD/PBDFs as well as other BFRs in various black plastic materials from additional countries as well as additional kinds of consumer products as confirmed by effect-based in vitro reporter gene DR CALUX and TTR-TRβ CALUX assays as well as congener-specific chemical analysis. We compared total Toxicity Equivalent (TEQ) levels of PBDD/F-TEQs analysed by chemical analysis to by CALUX bioassay measured Biological equivalence (BEQ) concentrations (for further info see at ISO 23196, ISO, 2022). In the case of TBBPA, both chemical and TTR-TRβ CALUX analysis measure direct the amount of TBBPA. Finally, the daily ingestion of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents from PBDD/Fs-contaminated plastic toys by child mouthing habits have been related to our earlier study (Budin et al., 2020).
Conclusions: Interaction of children with such contaminated plastics may significantly contribute to the daily uptake of dioxin- and thyroid hormone transport disrupting-like compounds. Effect-based bioassays for dioxin- and thyroid hormone-like activities are relevant to pick-out such complex mixtures of known and yet unknown (and therefore not regulated) substances for safer and more sustainable plastics. Low POPs Content Levels and other mechanisms set under the Basel and Stockholm Conventions are set far too high to prevent a significant flow of BFRs and PBDD/Fs into consumer products.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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