Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound elastography in the context of preclinical pharmacological research: significance for the 3R principles.

Autor:	Obrecht M; Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland., Zurbruegg S; Neurosciences Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland., Accart N; Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland., Lambert C; Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland., Doelemeyer A; Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland., Ledermann B; 3Rs Leader, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland., Beckmann N; Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in pharmacology [Front Pharmacol] 2023 Jun 28; Vol. 14, pp. 1177421. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 28 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1177421
Abstrakt:	The 3Rs principles-reduction, refinement, replacement-are at the core of preclinical research within drug discovery, which still relies to a great extent on the availability of models of disease in animals. Minimizing their distress, reducing their number as well as searching for means to replace them in experimental studies are constant objectives in this area. Due to its non-invasive character in vivo imaging supports these efforts by enabling repeated longitudinal assessments in each animal which serves as its own control, thereby enabling to reduce considerably the animal utilization in the experiments. The repetitive monitoring of pathology progression and the effects of therapy becomes feasible by assessment of quantitative biomarkers. Moreover, imaging has translational prospects by facilitating the comparison of studies performed in small rodents and humans. Also, learnings from the clinic may be potentially back-translated to preclinical settings and therefore contribute to refining animal investigations. By concentrating on activities around the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound elastography to small rodent models of disease, we aim to illustrate how in vivo imaging contributes primarily to reduction and refinement in the context of pharmacological research. Competing Interests: The authors are employed by Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. All authors declare no other competing interests and that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Obrecht, Zurbruegg, Accart, Lambert, Doelemeyer, Ledermann and Beckmann.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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