Periorbital Ecchymosis Post Closed Rhinoplasty: Natural History, Risk Factors, and Validation of a New Scoring System.

Autor:	Mizrachi M; From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel., Layous E; From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel., Dror AA; From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel., Yakir O; Statistical Analysis Division, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel., Bader A; From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel., Sela E; From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open [Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open] 2023 Jul 12; Vol. 11 (7), pp. e5112. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 12 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1097/GOX.0000000000005112
Abstrakt:	Postrhinoplasty periorbital ecchymosis is an inevitable side effect contributing to patients' psychological aspect and early postoperative morbidity. Efforts are constantly being made to reduce ecchymosis using different methods with varying success. To evaluate treatment response, it is mandatory to have a reliable score. Several studies suggest other scoring systems, but none has been postrhinoplasty-specific, validated, and accepted. This study aimed to demonstrate the natural history of postrhinoplasty ecchymosis, find potential risk factors for worsening patterns, and suggest a useful and reliable periorbital ecchymosis scoring system for postrhinoplasty follow-up. Methods: This prospective study included 183 patients who underwent closed rhinoplasty by the same surgeon and the same principle method. Photographs of the periorbital ecchymosis were taken on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7. The periorbital area was divided into quarters, and three independent physicians assigned the dominant color of each quarter. Results: There were no significant variations between the three physicians' scoring. The interobserver consistency defined as an excellent scoring system reliability, according to our statistical analysis. The postoperative ecchymosis demonstrated a consistent pattern of spread over time, dominating the medial quarters on early postoperative days 1 and 2, following into the lower lateral quarters in postoperative day 7. We found no correlation between patient demographics and clinical characteristics to ecchymosis patterns and temporal spread. Conclusions: Our study suggests a reliable and easy-to-use postrhinoplasty ecchymosis scoring system. This scoring method can be used for postrhinoplasty ecchymosis assessment and as a research-validated tool to quantify different perioperative treatments to reduce ecchymosis and estimate mid-face trauma. Competing Interests: All authors have no financial interests to declare in relation to the content of this article. (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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