| Autor: |
Woźniak A; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland., Kęsy J; Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland., Glazińska P; Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland., Glinkowski W; Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland., Narożna D; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland., Bocianowski J; Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland., Rucińska-Sobkowiak R; Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland., Mai VC; Department of Biology and Application, Faculty of Biology, Vinh University, Le Duan 182, 43108 Vinh, Nghe An Province, Vietnam., Krzesiński W; Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland., Samardakiewicz S; Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland., Borowiak-Sobkowiak B; Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland., Labudda M; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland., Jeandet P; Research Unit 'Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection', RIBP USC-INRAe 1488, University of Reims, 51100 Reims, France., Morkunas I; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland. |
| Abstrakt: |
The main aim of this study was to understand the regulation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones as signaling molecules in the defense mechanisms of pea seedlings during the application of abiotic and biotic stress factors. It was important to identify this regulation at the molecular level in Pisum sativum L. seedlings under the influence of various concentrations of lead-i.e., a low concentration increasing plant metabolism, causing a hormetic effect, and a high dose causing a sublethal effect-and during feeding of a phytophagous insect with a piercing-sucking mouthpart-i.e., pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)). The aim of the study was to determine the expression level of genes encoding enzymes of the biosynthesis of signaling molecules such as phytohormones-i.e., jasmonates (JA/MeJA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA). Real-time qPCR was applied to analyze the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of JA/MeJA (lipoxygenase 1 ( LOX1 ), lipoxygenase 2 ( LOX2 ), 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 ( OPR1 ) and jasmonic acid-amido synthetase ( JAR1 )), ET (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 ( ACS3 )) and ABA (9- cis -epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase ( NCED ) and aldehyde oxidase 1 ( AO1 )). In response to the abovementioned stress factors-i.e., abiotic and biotic stressors acting independently or simultaneously-the expression of the LOX1 , LOX2 , OPR1 , JAR1 , ACS3 , NCED and AO1 genes at both sublethal and hormetic doses increased. Particularly high levels of the relative expression of the tested genes in pea seedlings growing at sublethal doses of lead and colonized by A. pisum compared to the control were noticeable. A hormetic dose of lead induced high expression levels of the JAR1 , OPR1 and ACS3 genes, especially in leaves. Moreover, an increase in the concentration of phytohormones such as jasmonates (JA and MeJA) and aminococyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-ethylene (ET) precursor was observed. The results of this study indicate that the response of pea seedlings to lead and A. pisum aphid infestation differed greatly at both the gene expression and metabolic levels. The intensity of these defense responses depended on the organ, the metal dose and direct contact of the stress factor with the organ. |
