The sulfonamide-resistance dihydropteroate synthase gene is crucial for efficient biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole by Paenarthrobacter species.

Autor: Wu T; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China., Guo SZ; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China., Zhu HZ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China., Yan L; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China., Liu ZP; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China., Li DF; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China., Jiang CY; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China., Corvini PF; School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland., Shen XH; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. xihuishen@nwsuaf.edu.cn., Liu SJ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. liusj@im.ac.cn.; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China. liusj@im.ac.cn.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. liusj@im.ac.cn.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Applied microbiology and biotechnology [Appl Microbiol Biotechnol] 2023 Sep; Vol. 107 (18), pp. 5813-5827. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 13.
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12679-x
Abstrakt: Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are serious pollutants to ecosystems and environments. Previous studies showed that microbial degradation of SAs such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) proceeds via a sad-encoded oxidative pathway, while the sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase gene, sul, is responsible for SA resistance. However, the co-occurrence of sad and sul genes, as well as how the sul gene affects SMX degradation, was not explored. In this study, two SMX-degrading bacterial strains, SD-1 and SD-2, were cultivated from an SMX-degrading enrichment. Both strains were Paenarthrobacter species and were phylogenetically identical; however, they showed different SMX degradation activities. Specifically, strain SD-1 utilized SMX as the sole carbon and energy source for growth and was a highly efficient SMX degrader, while SD-2 did could not use SMX as a sole carbon or energy source and showed limited SMX degradation when an additional carbon source was supplied. Genome annotation, growth, enzymatic activity tests, and metabolite detection revealed that strains SD-1 and SD-2 shared a sad-encoded oxidative pathway for SMX degradation and a pathway of protocatechuate degradation. A new sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase gene, sul918, was identified in strain SD-1, but not in SD-2. Moreover, the lack of sul918 resulted in low SMX degradation activity in strain SD-2. Genome data mining revealed the co-occurrence of sad and sul genes in efficient SMX-degrading Paenarthrobacter strains. We propose that the co-occurrence of sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase and sad genes is crucial for efficient SMX biodegradation. KEY POINTS: • Two sulfamethoxazole-degrading strains with distinct degrading activity, Paenarthrobacter sp. SD-1 and Paenarthrobacter sp. SD-2, were isolated and identified. • Strains SD-1 and SD-2 shared a sad-encoded oxidative pathway for SMX degradation. • A new plasmid-borne SMX resistance gene (sul918) of strain SD-1 plays a crucial role in SMX degradation efficiency.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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