Distinct mucosal and systemic immunological characteristics in transgender women potentially relating to HIV acquisition.

Autor:	Schuetz A; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Corley MJ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA., Sacdalan C; SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand., Phuang-Ngern Y; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand., Nakpor T; Sisters Foundation, Pattaya, Thailand., Wansom T; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Ehrenberg PK; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA., Sriplienchan S; SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand., Thomas R; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA., Ratnaratorn N; SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand., Sukhumvittaya S; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand., Tragonlugsana N; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand., Slike BM; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Akapirat S; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand., Pinyakorn S; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Rerknimitr R; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand., Pang AP; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA., Kroon E; Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand., Teeratakulpisan N; Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand., Krebs SJ; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Phanuphak N; Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand., Ndhlovu LC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA., Vasan S; US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	JCI insight [JCI Insight] 2023 Aug 22; Vol. 8 (16). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 22.
DOI:	10.1172/jci.insight.169272
Abstrakt:	Transgender women (TGW) are disproportionally affected by HIV infection, with a global estimated prevalence of 19.9%, often attributed to behavioral risk factors, with less known about biological factors. We evaluated potential biological risk factors for HIV acquisition in TGW at the sites of viral entry by assessing immune parameters of the neovaginal surface and gut mucosa. The neovagina in TGW, compared with the vagina in cisgender women (CW), shows distinct cell composition and may pose a more inflammatory environment, evidenced by increased CD4+ T cell activation and higher levels of soluble markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, soluble CD30). Increased inflammation may be driven by microbiome composition, as shown by a greater abundance of Prevotella and a higher Shannon Diversity Index. In addition, we have observed higher frequency of CD4+CCR5+ target cells and decreased DNA methylation of the CCR5 gene in the gut mucosa of TGW compared with CW and men who have sex with men, which was inversely correlated with testosterone levels. The rectal microbiome composition in TGW appears to favor a proinflammatory milieu as well as mucosal barrier disruption. Thus, it is possible that increased inflammation and higher frequencies of CCR5-expressing target cells at sites of mucosal viral entry may contribute to increased risk of HIV acquisition in TGW, with further validation in larger studies warranted.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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