| Autor: |
Hrithik MTH; Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea., Hong J; Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea., Kim Y; Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Frontiers in endocrinology [Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)] 2023 Jun 23; Vol. 14, pp. 1190834. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 23 (Print Publication: 2023). |
| DOI: |
10.3389/fendo.2023.1190834 |
| Abstrakt: |
Background: Eicosanoids are a group of the oxygenated C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids and play crucial roles in mediating various insect physiological processes. Catalytic activity of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) provides an initial substrate, arachidonic acid (AA), for subsequent eicosanoid biosynthesis.
Results: This study identified four different secretory PLA 2 ( As-PLA 2 A - As-PLA 2 D ) genes encoded in the Asian onion moth, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis . A phylogenetic analysis indicated that As-PLA 2 A and As-PLA 2 D are clustered with Group III PLA 2 s while As-PLA 2 B and As-PLA 2 C are clustered with Group XII and Group X PLA 2 s, respectively. Expression levels of these PLA 2 genes increased along with larval development, especially in the fat body. A bacterial immune challenge upregulated the basal expression levels of the four PLA 2 genes, which resulted in significant increases of the PLA 2 enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was susceptible to a calcium chelator or reducing agent, suggesting Ca 2+ dependency and disulfide linkage required for the catalytic activities of the secretory type of PLA 2 s. In addition, the PLA 2 activity was also susceptible to bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), a specific inhibitor to sPLA 2 , but not to intracellular PLA 2 inhibitors. An addition of BPB to the immune challenge significantly prevented hemocyte-spreading behavior of A. sapporensis . BPB treatment also suppressed a cellular immune response measured by hemocyte nodule formation. However, the immunosuppression was significantly rescued by the AA addition. To determine the PLA 2 (s) responsible for the immunity, individual RNA interference (RNAi) treatments specific to each of the four PLA 2 s were performed. Injection of gene-specific double-stranded RNAs caused significant reductions in the transcript level in all four PLA 2 s. In all four PLA 2 s, the RNAi treatments prevented the cellular immune response even after the immune challenge.
Conclusion: This study reports four secretory PLA 2 s encoded in A. sapporensis and their function in mediating cellular immunity.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Hrithik, Hong and Kim.) |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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