Evolution of a minimal cell.

Autor: Moger-Reischer RZ; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA., Glass JI; J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA., Wise KS; J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA., Sun L; J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Novartis Gene Therapy, San Diego, CA, USA., Bittencourt DMC; J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, National Institute of Science and Technology in Synthetic Biology, Brasília, Brazil., Lehmkuhl BK; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA., Schoolmaster DR Jr; US Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA., Lynch M; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA., Lennon JT; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. lennonj@indiana.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2023 Aug; Vol. 620 (7972), pp. 122-127. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 05.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06288-x
Abstrakt: Possessing only essential genes, a minimal cell can reveal mechanisms and processes that are critical for the persistence and stability of life 1,2 . Here we report on how an engineered minimal cell 3,4 contends with the forces of evolution compared with the Mycoplasma mycoides non-minimal cell from which it was synthetically derived. Mutation rates were the highest among all reported bacteria, but were not affected by genome minimization. Genome streamlining was costly, leading to a decrease in fitness of greater than 50%, but this deficit was regained during 2,000 generations of evolution. Despite selection acting on distinct genetic targets, increases in the maximum growth rate of the synthetic cells were comparable. Moreover, when performance was assessed by relative fitness, the minimal cell evolved 39% faster than the non-minimal cell. The only apparent constraint involved the evolution of cell size. The size of the non-minimal cell increased by 80%, whereas the minimal cell remained the same. This pattern reflected epistatic effects of mutations in ftsZ, which encodes a tubulin-homologue protein that regulates cell division and morphology 5,6 . Our findings demonstrate that natural selection can rapidly increase the fitness of one of the simplest autonomously growing organisms. Understanding how species with small genomes overcome evolutionary challenges provides critical insights into the persistence of host-associated endosymbionts, the stability of streamlined chassis for biotechnology and the targeted refinement of synthetically engineered cells 2,7-9 .
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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