Ethanol and caffeine age-dependently alter brain and retinal neurochemical levels without affecting morphology of juvenile and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Autor: Clayman CL; Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America., Hwang C; Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America., Connaughton VP; Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2023 Jul 05; Vol. 18 (7), pp. e0286596. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 05 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286596
Abstrakt: Adolescent alcohol exposure in humans is predictive of adult development of alcoholism. In rodents, caffeine pre-exposure enhances adult responsiveness to ethanol via a pathway targeted by both compounds. Embryonic exposure to either compound adversely affects development, and both compounds can alter zebrafish behaviors. Here, we evaluate whether co-exposure to caffeine and/or alcohol in adolescence exerts neurochemical changes in retina and brain. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were given daily 20 min treatments to ethanol (1.5% v/v), caffeine (25-100 mg/L), or caffeine + ethanol for 1 week during mid-late adolescence (53-92 days post fertilization (dpf)) or early adulthood (93-142 dpf). Immediately after exposure, anatomical measurements were taken, including weight, heart rate, pigment density, length, girth, gill width, inner and outer eye distance. Brain and retinal tissue were subsequently collected either (1) immediately, (2) after a short interval (2-4d) following exposure, or (3) after a longer interval that included an acute 1.5% ethanol challenge. Chronic ethanol and/or caffeine exposure did not alter anatomical parameters. However, retinal and brain levels of tyrosine hydroxylase were elevated in fish sacrificed after the long interval following exposure. Protein levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase were also increased, with the highest levels observed in 70-79 dpf fish exposed to caffeine. The influence of ethanol and caffeine exposure on neurochemistry demonstrates specificity of their effects during postembryonic development. Using the zebrafish model to assess neurochemistry relevant to reward and anxiety may inform understanding of the mechanisms that reinforce co-addiction to alcohol and stimulants.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2023 Clayman et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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