Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds.

Autor: Clark BL; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. bethany.louise.clark@gmail.com., Carneiro APB; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. ana.carneiro@birdlife.org., Pearmain EJ; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. ejp69@cam.ac.uk.; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ejp69@cam.ac.uk.; British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK. ejp69@cam.ac.uk., Rouyer MM; CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France., Clay TA; Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.; People and Nature, Environmental Defense Fund, Monterey, CA, USA.; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK., Cowger W; University of California, Riverside, CA, USA., Phillips RA; British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK., Manica A; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Hazin C; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.; The Nature Conservancy, London, UK., Eriksen M; 5 Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA., González-Solís J; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Adams J; U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Albores-Barajas YV; Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur - UABCS, La Paz, Mexico.; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico., Alfaro-Shigueto J; Carrera de Biologia Marina, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru.; ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru.; University of Exeter, School of Biosciences, Cornwall Campus, Exeter, UK., Alho MS; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Ispa - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal., Araujo DT; Associação Projecto Vitó, São Filipe, Cabo Verde., Arcos JM; SEO/BirdLife, Barcelona, Spain., Arnould JPY; Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia., Barbosa NJP; Associação Projecto Vitó, São Filipe, Cabo Verde., Barbraud C; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France., Beard AM; St. Helena Government, Jamestown, St. Helena, UK.; Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Beck J; Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Bell EA; Wildlife Management International Ltd, Blenheim, New Zealand., Bennet DG; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand., Berlincourt M; Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia., Biscoito M; Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Museu de História Natural do Funchal, Funchal, Portugal., Bjørnstad OK; Skudeneshavn, Norway., Bolton M; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Aberdeen, UK., Booth Jones KA; British Trust for Ornithology, Belfast, UK., Borg JJ; National Museum of Natural History, Mdina, Malta., Bourgeois K; 3 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France.; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand., Bretagnolle V; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France., Bried J; Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal., Briskie JV; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand., Brooke ML; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Brownlie KC; Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia., Bugoni L; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil., Calabrese L; Island Conservation Society, Mahé, Seychelles.; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.; Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Anse Royale, Seychelles., Campioni L; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Ispa - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal., Carey MJ; Department of Environmental Management and Ecology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, NSW, Australia., Carle RD; Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Carlile N; Science, Economics and Insights Division, Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia., Carreiro AR; University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal.; CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Fornelo e Vairão, Portugal., Catry P; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Ispa - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal., Catry T; CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal., Cecere JG; Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy., Ceia FR; University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal., Cherel Y; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France., Choi CY; Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea., Cianchetti-Benedetti M; Ornis Italica, Rome, Italy., Clarke RH; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Cleeland JB; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.; Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia., Colodro V; Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Valparaiso, Chile., Congdon BC; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia., Danielsen J; Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands., De Pascalis F; Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Deakin Z; Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Cambridge, UK., Dehnhard N; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway.; Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Dell'Omo G; Ornis Italica, Rome, Italy., Delord K; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France., Descamps S; Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway., Dilley BJ; FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Dinis HA; Associação Projecto Vitó, São Filipe, Cabo Verde., Dubos J; UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France., Dunphy BJ; Institute of Marine Sciences/School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand., Emmerson LM; Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia., Fagundes AI; SPEA, Lisbon, Portugal., Fayet AL; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway.; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Felis JJ; U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.; United States Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Fischer JH; Island Conservation Society, Mahé, Seychelles.; Aquatic Unit, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand., Freeman AND; Nature North, Malanda, QLD, Australia., Fromant A; Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France., Gaibani G; LIPU-BirdLife Italy, Parma, Italy., García D; Iniciativa de Recerca de la Biodiversitat de les Illes (IRBI), Pina, Spain., Gjerdrum C; Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada., Gomes ISGC; Associação Projecto Vitó, São Filipe, Cabo Verde., Forero MG; Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain., Granadeiro JP; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Lisboa, Portugal., Grecian WJ; Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK., Grémillet D; CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.; FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Guilford T; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Hallgrimsson GT; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland., Halpin LR; Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.; Halpin Wildlife Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Hansen ES; South Iceland Nature Research Centre, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland., Hedd A; Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Mount Pearl, NC, Canada., Helberg M; Østfold University College, Halden, Norway.; BirdLife Norway, Sandgata 30 B, 7012, Trondheim, Norway., Helgason HH; East Iceland Nature Research Centre, Egilsstaðir, Iceland., Henry LM; St. Helena Government, Jamestown, St. Helena, UK., Hereward HFR; Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.; British Trust for Ornithology Cymru, Thoday Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Wales, UK., Hernandez-Montero M; Associação Projeto Biodiversidade, Santa Maria, Ilha do Sal, Cabo Verde., Hindell MA; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia., Hodum PJ; Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Tacoma, WA, USA., Imperio S; Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR, Pisa, Italy., Jaeger A; UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France., Jessopp M; School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.; MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland., Jodice PGR; U.S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA., Jones CG; Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Vacoas, Mauritius.; Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Trinity, Jersey., Jones CW; FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Jónsson JE; University of Iceland's Research Center at Snæfellsnes, Stykkishólmur, Iceland., Kane A; University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Kapelj S; Association Biom, Zagreb, Croatia., Kim Y; Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia., Kirk H; RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia., Kolbeinsson Y; Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre, Húsavík, Iceland., Kraemer PL; Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany., Krüger L; Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile.; Instituto Milénio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE), Santiago, Chile., Lago P; SEO/BirdLife, Barcelona, Spain.; BirdLife Malta, Ta' Xbiex, Malta., Landers TJ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.; Auckland Council, Auckland, New Zealand., Lavers JL; Tjaltjraak Native Title Aboriginal Corporation, Esperance, WA, Australia., Le Corre M; UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France., Leal A; Associação Projecto Vitó, São Filipe, Cabo Verde., Louzao M; AZTI, Pasaia, Spain., Madeiros J; Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, Bermuda Government, Flatts, Bermuda., Magalhães M; Regional Directorate for Marine Policies, Azores Government, Horta, Azores, Portugal., Mallory ML; Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada., Masello JF; Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany., Massa B; Department of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy., Matsumoto S; Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan., McDuie F; San Jose State University Research Foundation, San Jose, CA, USA., McFarlane Tranquilla L; Birds Canada, Sackville, NB, Canada., Medrano F; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Metzger BJ; BirdLife Malta, Ta' Xbiex, Malta., Militão T; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Montevecchi WA; Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada., Montone RC; Universidade de São Paulo - Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, Brazil., Navarro-Herrero L; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Neves VC; Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal.; IMAR Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal., Nicholls DG; Chisholm Institute, Dandenong, Australia., Nicoll MAC; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK., Norris K; Natural History Museum, London, UK., Oppel S; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Cambridge, UK., Oro D; CEAB-CSIC, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Blanes, Spain., Owen E; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Inverness, UK.; The National Trust for Scotland, Balnain House, Huntly Street, Inverness, UK., Padget O; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Paiva VH; University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal., Pala D; Parco naturale Regionale di Porto Conte, Alghero, Italy., Pereira JM; University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal., Péron C; Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA) - Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France., Petry MV; Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil., de Pina A; Associação Projecto Vitó, São Filipe, Cabo Verde., Pina ATM; Project Vitó Association, Praia, Cabo Verde., Pinet P; Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France., Pistorius PA; Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa., Pollet IL; Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada., Porter BJ; Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Poupart TA; Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia., Powell CDL; Albany, WA, Australia., Proaño CB; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador., Pujol-Casado J; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Quillfeldt P; Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany., Quinn JL; School of BEES, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland., Raine AF; Archipelago Research and Conservation, Kalaheo, HI, USA., Raine H; Archipelago Research and Conservation, Kalaheo, HI, USA., Ramírez I; Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), Bonn, Germany., Ramos JA; University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal., Ramos R; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Ravache A; UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS, Université de La Nouvelle-Calédonie, Ifremer), Centre IRD Nouméa, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France., Rayner MJ; Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland, New Zealand., Reid TA; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, NSW, Australia., Robertson GJ; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Mount Pearl, NL, Canada., Rocamora GJ; Island Conservation Society, Mahé, Seychelles.; Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Anse Royale, Seychelles., Rollinson DP; FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Ronconi RA; Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada., Rotger A; Animal Demography and Ecology Unit (GEDA), IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain., Rubolini D; Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.; Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IRSA-CNR), Brugherio, Italy., Ruhomaun K; National Parks and Parks Conservation Service, Reduit, Mauritius., Ruiz A; SEO/BirdLife, Madrid, Spain., Russell JC; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand., Ryan PG; FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Saldanha S; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Sanz-Aguilar A; Animal Demography and Ecology Unit (GEDA), IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain.; University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain., Sardà-Serra M; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Satgé YG; Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA., Sato K; Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Japan., Schäfer WC; Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany., Schoombie S; FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Shaffer SA; Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA., Shah N; Nature Seychelles, Mahé, Seychelles., Shoji A; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan., Shutler D; Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada., Sigurðsson IA; Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Garðabær, Iceland., Silva MC; cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Evolutionary Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal., Small AE; St. Helena Government, Jamestown, St. Helena, UK., Soldatini C; CICESE - Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada - Unidad La Paz, La Paz, Mexico., Strøm H; Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway., Surman CA; Halfmoon Biosciences, Denmark, Australia., Takahashi A; National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan., Tatayah VRV; Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Vacoas, Mauritius., Taylor GA; Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand., Thomas RJ; Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Thompson DR; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand., Thompson PM; University of Aberdeen, Cromarty, UK., Thórarinsson TL; Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre, Húsavík, Iceland., Vicente-Sastre D; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Vidal E; UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, UR, UNC, CNRS, IFREMER), Nouméa, New Caledonia, France.; UMR IMBE (IRD, AMU, CNRS, UAPV), Nouméa, France., Wakefield ED; Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK., Waugh SM; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK., Weimerskirch H; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France., Wittmer HU; School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand., Yamamoto T; Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan., Yoda K; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan., Zavalaga CB; Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru., Zino FJ; Freira Conservation Project, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal., Dias MP; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.; cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Evolutionary Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.; CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2023 Jul 04; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 3665. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 04.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38900-z
Abstrakt: Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world's oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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