COVID-19 in the nervous system: physiopathology and neurological manifestations.

Autor:	Mendonça Filho VCM; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina de Sobral, Sobral CE, Brazil., de Oliveira AG; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina de Sobral, Sobral CE, Brazil., Maia IFVC; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., de Falcone ACM; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo SP, Brazil., Betini BG; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Neurologia, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil., Rezende LB; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Hospital das Clínicas, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil., Magri Alves FH; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria [Arq Neuropsiquiatr] 2023 Aug; Vol. 81 (8), pp. 756-763. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 04.
DOI:	10.1055/s-0043-1769123
Abstrakt:	Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although respiratory manifestations have received greater visibility during the pandemic caused by this virus, numerous neurological complaints related to coronavirus 2 infection have been documented in several countries. These records suggest that this pathogen presents neurotropism, and it can cause different neurological conditions of varying intensity. Objective: To investigate the ability of coronavirus 2 to invade the central nervous system (CNS) and its neurological clinical outcomes. Methods: The present study consists in a comprehensive literature review of the records available in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The descriptors COVID-19 , brain and physiopathology , associated with the Boolean operator AND , were used in the search. Regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected the papers published since 2020 with the highest number of citations. Results: We selected 41 articles, most of them in English. The main clinical manifestation associated with COVID-19 patients was headache, but cases of anosmia, hyposmia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and encephalopathies were also described with considerable frequency. Conclusion: Coronavirus-2 presents neurotropism, and it can reach the CNS by hematogenous dissemination and by direct infection of the nerve endings. It causes brain injuries through several mechanisms, such as cytokine storm, microglial activation, and an increase in thrombotic factors. Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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