Bovine lead exposure from informal battery recycling in India.
Autor: | Ferraro G; Department of Economics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. gferrar@ncsu.ecu., Ericson B; Independent Consultant, New York, USA., Simons AM; Department of Economics, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA., Nash E; Pure Earth, Blacksmith Institute, New York, NY, 10115, USA., Kabir M; Pure Earth, Blacksmith Institute, New York, NY, 10115, USA. |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Zdroj: | Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2023 Aug; Vol. 30 (36), pp. 86122-86137. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 04. |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-023-27811-7 |
Abstrakt: | We provide an estimate of annual bovine lead exposure and attributable mortality at informal lead acid battery recycling sites in India. We use Pure Earth's Toxic Sites Identification Program database, the FAO's Gridded Livestock dataset, and a Poisson plume model of lead particle air dispersion to estimate site-level mortality. We calculate that India suffers 2370 excess bovine fatalities each year, resulting in more than USD $2.1 million of economic damage. The distribution of damages by location is highly skewed. While we find most sites (86.3%) induce no mortalities, 6.2% of sites induce minor damage (1 to 5 fatalities), 4.1% induce moderate damage (6 to 20 fatalities), and 3.4% induce severe damage (21 + fatalities). These findings highlight the importance of geospatial data to prioritize mitigation efforts and identify a previously unquantified burden on the rural poor. (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) |
Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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