Amazonian earthworm biodiversity is heavily impacted by ancient and recent human disturbance.

Autor: Conrado AC; Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil., Demetrio WC; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil., Stanton DWG; Cardiff University, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom., Bartz MLC; Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal., James SW; Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA 52557, United States., Santos A; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil., da Silva E; Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR 83411-000, Brazil., Ferreira T; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil., Acioli ANS; Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM 69067-005, Brazil., Ferreira AC; Entomology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil., Maia LS; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil., Silva TAC; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil., Lavelle P; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Cali 763537, Colombia., Velasquez E; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira 32 #12-00, Colombia., Tapia-Coral SC; Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, SENA Regional Amazonas, Leticia, Colombia., Muniz AW; Entomology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM 69010-970, Brazil., Segalla RF; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil., Decaëns T; CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France., Nadolny HS; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil., Peña-Venegas CP; Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas SINCHI, Leticia, Colombia., Pasini A; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil., de Oliveira Júnior RC; Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Santarém, PA 68020-640, Brazil., Kille P; Cardiff University, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom., Brown GG; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil; Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR 83411-000, Brazil., Cunha L; Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF374BD, United Kingdom. Electronic address: luis.cunha@uc.pt.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2023 Oct 15; Vol. 895, pp. 165087. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 26.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165087
Abstrakt: Despite the importance of earthworms for soil formation, more is needed to know about how Pre-Columbian modifications to soils and the landscape. Gaining a deeper understanding is essential for comprehending the historical drivers of earthworm communities and the development of effective conservation strategies in the Amazon rainforest. Human disturbance can significantly impact earthworm diversity, especially in rainforest soils, and in the particular case of the Amazonian rainforest, both recent and ancient anthropic practices may be important. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by sedentary habits and intensification patterns of pre-Colombian societies primarily developed in the second part of the Holocene period. We have sampled earthworm communities in three Brazilian Amazonian (ADEs) and adjacent reference soils (REF) under old and young forests and monocultures. To better assess taxonomic richness, we used morphology and the barcode region of the COI gene to identify juveniles and cocoons and delimit Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs). Here we suggest using Integrated Operational Taxonomical units (IOTUs) which combine both morphological and molecular data and provide a more comprehensive assessment of diversity, while MOTUs only rely on molecular data. A total of 970 individuals were collected, resulting in 51 taxonomic units (IOTUs, MOTUs, and morphospecies combined). From this total, 24 taxonomic units were unique to REF soils, 17 to ADEs, and ten were shared between both soils. The highest richness was found in old forest sites for ADEs (12 taxonomic units) and REFs (21 taxonomic units). The beta-diversity calculations reveal a high species turnover between ADEs and REF soils, providing evidence that ADEs and REFs possess distinct soil biota. Furthermore, results suggest that ADE sites, formed by Pre-Columbian human activities, conserve a high number of native species in the landscape and maintain a high abundance, despite their long-term nature.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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