| Autor: |
Abdelaziz AM; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt., El-Wakil DA; Department of Seed Pathology Research, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt., Hashem AH; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt., Al-Askar AA; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia., AbdElgawad H; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium., Attia MS; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt. |
| Abstrakt: |
The wide spread of plant pathogens affects the whole world, threatening national food security. Various fungi including Rhizoctonia solani induce the fungal disease damping-off that negatively affects plant seedlings' growth. Recently, endophytic fungi are used as safe alternatives to chemical pesticides that harm plant and human health. Here, an endophytic Aspergillus terreus was isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds to control damping-off diseases by improving the defense system in Phaseolus vulgaris and Vicia faba seedlings. Endophytic fungus was morphologically and genetically identified Aspergillus terreus , and it is deposited in GeneBank under accession OQ338187. A. terreus demonstrated antifungal efficacy against R. solani with an inhibition zone at 22.0 mm. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of A. terreus were between 0.3125 and 0.625 mg/mL to inhibit R. solani growth. Precisely 58.34% of the Vicia faba plants survived when A. terreus was added compared with the untreated infected (16.67%). Similarly, Phaseolus vulgaris achieved 41.67% compared to the infected (8.33%). Both groups of treated infected plants showed reduced oxidative damage (reduced Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels) as compared to untreated infected plants. Reduced oxidative damage was correlated with the increase in photosynthetic pigments and the antioxidant defense system including polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities. Overall, the endophytic A. terreus can be considered an effective tool to control the suppression of Rhizoctonia solani in legumes, especially Phaseolus vulgaris and Vicia faba , as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides that harm the environment and human health. |
