A systemic approach to the psychology of racial bias within individuals and society.

Autor: Skinner-Dorkenoo AL; Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA., George M; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA., Wages JE 3rd; Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR USA., Sánchez S; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA., Perry SP; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA.; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA.; Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature reviews psychology [Nat Rev Psychol] 2023 May 18, pp. 1-15. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 18.
DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00190-z
Abstrakt: Historically, the field of psychology has focused on racial biases at an individual level, considering the effects of various stimuli on individual racial attitudes and biases. This approach has provided valuable information, but not enough focus has been placed on the systemic nature of racial biases. In this Review, we examine the bidirectional relation between individual-level racial biases and broader societal systems through a systemic lens. We argue that systemic factors operating across levels - from the interpersonal to the cultural - contribute to the production and reinforcement of racial biases in children and adults. We consider the effects of five systemic factors on racial biases in the USA: power and privilege disparities, cultural narratives and values, segregated communities, shared stereotypes and nonverbal messages. We discuss evidence that these factors shape individual-level racial biases, and that individual-level biases shape systems and institutions to reproduce systemic racial biases and inequalities. We conclude with suggestions for interventions that could limit the effects of these influences and discuss future directions for the field.
Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests.
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Databáze: MEDLINE
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