Electrochemical platform produced by 3D printing for analysis of small volumes using different electrode materials.

Autor: Ramos DLO; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil., de Faria LV; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Alves DAC; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Muñoz RAA; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Dos Santos WTP; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Richter EM; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: emrichter@ufu.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Talanta [Talanta] 2023 Dec 01; Vol. 265, pp. 124832. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 17.
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124832
Abstrakt: Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing is a promising additive manufacturing technique to produce low-cost disposable electrochemical devices. However, the print of devices like well-known screen-printed electrodes (all electrodes on the same device) is difficult using the available technology (few materials available for production of working electrodes). In this paper we present a procedure to produce disposable and robust electrochemical devices by FDM 3D printing that allows reproducible analysis of small volumes (50-2000 μL). The device consists of just two printed parts that allow easy coupling of different conductive materials for using as disposable or non-disposable working electrodes with reproducible geometric area. Printed counter and pseudo-reference electrodes can also be easily fitted into the microcell. Moreover, conventional counter (platinum wire) and mini reference electrodes can also be used. As a proof of concept, paracetamol, cocaine and uric acid were used as model analytes using different materials as working electrodes. Linear calibration curves (r > 0.99) with similar slopes (0.29 ± 0.01 μA μmol L -1 ; RSD = 3.4%) were obtained by square wave voltammetry (SWV) using a complete printed system and different volumes of standard solutions of paracetamol (50, 100, and 200 μL). For uric acid, a linear range of 10-125 μmol L -1 (r > 0.99), was obtained using differential pulse voltammetry as the electrochemical technique and a disposable laser-induced graphene base as the working electrode. With the coupling of boron-doped diamond working electrode, screening tests were successfully performed in seized cocaine samples with selective detection of cocaine in the presence of its most common adulterants. The production cost per unit of a complete electrochemical system is around US 5.00. In large-scale production, only the working electrode needs to be replaced while the microcell and counter/pseudo reference electrodes do not need to be discarded.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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