| Autor: |
Bravo-Balado A; Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Fontanet S; Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Skolarikos A; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Gozen AS; Department of Urology, SLK Kliniken, University of Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Germany., Somani BK; Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom., Traxer O; Department of Urology, Tenon Hospital, Grc N°20 Sur La Lithiase Urinaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France., Papatsoris A; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Ruiz Martínez A; Radiophysics and Radioprotection Clinical Service, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain., Keller EX; Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Pietropaolo A; Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom., Tonyali S; Department of Urology, Istanbul University Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey., Tailly T; Department of Urology, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium., Esperto F; Department of Urology, Humanitas Gavazzeni e Castelli, Bergamo, Italia., Liatsikos E; Department of Urology, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece., Kanashiro AK; Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Angerri O; Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Emiliani E; Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. |
| Abstrakt: |
Purpose: On February 6, 2018, the European Atomic Energy Community reduced the annual equivalent dose limit for the lens from 150 to 20 mSv/year, because of its association with cataracts at low radiation doses. Our aim was to estimate the radiation doses received by the lens during endourologic procedures that require fluoroscopy. Materials and Methods: Multicenter study including prospective data of annual eye dosimeters between 2017 and 2020. Four endourologists used an eye dosimeter in endourologic procedures that require fluoroscopy (ureteroscopy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy). Surgeons 1 and 2 wore leaded glasses; surgeon 1 also used the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) protocol. Descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS 25.0 was conducted. Results: Surgeons 1, 2, 3, and 4 performed a median of 159, 586, 102, and 129 endourologic procedures per year, respectively, for a total of 641, 2340, 413, and 350 procedures between 2017 and 2020. The median annual dose of lens radiation exposure was 0.16, 1.18, 3.79, and 1.42 mSv per year, respectively, which corresponds to 0.001, 0.009, 0.024, and 0.012 mSv per procedure. The two surgeons who used leaded glasses registered a lower radiation dose per procedure (0.001 vs 0.027). Similarly, the urologist who used the ALARA protocol registered the lowest lens radiation dose compared with the three surgeons who did not use it (0.001 vs 0.023). Conclusions: The endourologists who participated in this study effectively comply with current guidelines on radiation exposure to the lens. Registered eye lens radiation does not seem to be related to the number of procedures but rather to the use of leaded glasses and the ALARA protocol. |
