Expanding upon the relationship between gender-affirming hormone therapy, neural connectivity, mental health, and body image dissatisfaction.

Autor: Grannis C; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address: Connor.Grannis@NationwideChildrens.org., Mattson WI; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA., Leibowitz SF; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA., Nahata L; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Chen D; Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, and Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA., Strang JF; Gender Development Program and Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Children's National Research Institute at Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA., Thobe H; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA., Indyk JA; Department of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA., Nelson EE; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Psychoneuroendocrinology [Psychoneuroendocrinology] 2023 Oct; Vol. 156, pp. 106319. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 08.
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106319
Abstrakt: Objective: Transgender/non-binary (TNB) youth are at increased risk for anxiety, depression, and suicidality compared to cisgender youth. Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT, i.e., testosterone or estrogen) is a standard of care option for TNB youth, and we have recently shown that GAHT (testosterone) in transgender youth assigned a female sex at birth is associated with reductions in internalizing symptomatology. The current analysis explores: 1) whether these benefits are observed in both TNB youth assigned female at birth (TNB AFAB ) and TNB youth assigned male at birth (TNB AMAB ) and 2) the extent to which body image dissatisfaction and alteration in neural circuitry relate to internalizing symptoms.
Method: The current study is an expansion of a previous publication from our lab that explored the association between gender-affirming testosterone and internalizing symptomatology. While participants in our previous study consisted of 42 TNB AFAB youth, participants in the current study included adolescent TNB AFAB receiving GAHT (n = 21; GAHT+) and not receiving GAHT (n = 29; GAHT-) as well as adolescent GAHT+ TNB AMAB (n = 15) and GAHT- TNB AMAB (n = 17). Participants reported symptoms of trait and social anxiety, depression, suicidality in the past year, and body image dissatisfaction. Brain activation was measured during a face processing task designed to elicit amygdala activation during functional MRI.
Results: GAHT+ TNB AFAB had significantly lower rates of social anxiety, depression, and suicidality compared to GAHT- TNB AFAB . While there were no significant relationships between estrogen and depression and anxiety symptoms, longer duration of estrogen was related to less suicidality. Both testosterone and estrogen administration were related to significantly lower rates of body image dissatisfaction compared to GAHT- youth. No significant differences emerged for BOLD response in the left or right amygdala during the face processing task, however, there was a significant main effect of GAHT on functional connectivity between the right amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, such that GAHT+ youth had stronger co-activation between the two regions during the task. Body image dissatisfaction, greater functional connectivity, their interaction effect, and age predicted depression symptomatology and body image dissatisfaction additionally predicted suicidality in the past year.
Conclusion: The current study suggests that GAHT is associated with fewer short-term internalizing symptoms in TNB AFAB than in TNB AMAB , although internalizing symptoms among TNB AMAB may diminish with longer durations of estrogen treatment. Controlling for age and sex assigned at birth, our findings indicate that less body image dissatisfaction and greater functional connectivity between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex were both predictors of fewer levels of internalizing symptoms following GAHT.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest none.
(Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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