Improving greenness and sustainability of standard analytical methods by microextraction techniques: A critical review.
Autor: | Tintrop LK; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany., Salemi A; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany., Jochmann MA; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: maik.jochmann@uni-due.de., Engewald WR; Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnestraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany., Schmidt TC; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Zdroj: | Analytica chimica acta [Anal Chim Acta] 2023 Aug 29; Vol. 1271, pp. 341468. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 01. |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341468 |
Abstrakt: | Since environmental awareness has increased in analytical chemistry, the demand for green sample preparation methods continues to grow. Microextractions such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) miniaturize the pre-concentration step and are a more sustainable alternative to conventional large-scale extractions. However, the integration of microextractions in standard and routine analysis methods is rare, although these applications are used most frequently and have a role model function. Therefore, it is important to highlight that microextractions are capable to replace large-scale extractions in standard and routine methods. This review discusses the greenness, benefits, and drawbacks of the most common LPME and SPME variants compatible with gas chromatography based on the following key evaluation principles: Automation, solvent consumption, hazards, reusability, energy consumption, time efficiency, and handling. Furthermore, the need to integrate microextractions into standard and routine analytical methods is presented by using method greenness evaluation metrics AGREE, AGREEprep, and GAPI applied to USEPA methods and their replacements. Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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