The predictors of unsuppressed viremia among PLHIV: a cross-sectional study in Ghana.

Autor: Owusu LB; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. lydia.owusu@knust.edu.gh., Ababio C; New Edubiase Government Hospital, Adansi South District, Ashanti Region, Ghana., Boahene S; New Edubiase Government Hospital, Adansi South District, Ashanti Region, Ghana., Zakaria AS; Nurses and Midwives Training College, Tamale, Ghana., Emikpe AO; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Dwumfour CK; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Appiagyei KA; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Apiribu F; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2023 Jun 09; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 1113. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 09.
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16032-9
Abstrakt: Background: Unsuppressed viremia in HIV infected patients is generally associated with increased rates of disease transmission and poor patient survival. This study assessed the socio-demographic determinants of People Living with HIV/AIDS, having viral load non-suppression and who are receiving antiretroviral therapy in a District Hospital in Ghana.
Methods: The study utilized the cross-sectional research design with both primary and secondary data conducted from September to October 2021 in Ghana. Data were collected from 331 PLHIV who were placed on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) for more than 12 months at the ART centre at a District Hospital in Ghana. Unsuppressed viremia was defined as plasma viral load of ≥ 1000 copies/mL after 12 months on an ART with effective adherent support. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data on participants and a Secondary data was also collected from patients' folders, hospital registers and the computerized health information systems at the study site. SPSS was used to analyse descriptive and inferential data. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used to assess the independent determinants of viral load non-suppression. Pearson's chi-square test was used for tests giving ≤ 20% of expected cell counts less than five while Fisher's exact test was used for tests giving > 20% of expected cell counts less than five. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Out of the 331 PLHIV who participated in the study, 174 (53%) were female and 157 (47%) were Male. The study found viral load non-suppression of 19% with age (p = 0.03), income (p = 0.02), employment (p = 0.04), means of transportation (p = 0.02), cost of transportation to the ART centre (p = 0.03) and level of medication adherence (p = 0.02) as determinants of viral load non-suppression.
Conclusion: There was a low level of viral load non-suppression among PLHIV after 12 months of active antiretroviral therapy with age, income, employment, means of transportation, cost of transportation and level of medication adherence influencing viral non-suppression. Thus, ART drugs and services should be decentralized to the community health workers' level within the various localities of patients to decrease the economic consequences involved in accessing health care for PLHIV/AIDS. This will minimize defaulting, improve adherence and promote viral load suppression.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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