The Role of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Different Stages of Melanoma.
| Autor: | Nwafor JN; Internal Medicine, The University of District of Columbia, Silverspring, USA., Torere BE; Internal Medicine, North Mississippi Medical Center, Tupelo, USA., Agu E; Biology, University of Texas, Arlington, USA., Kadiku L; General Medicine, University of Lagos, Langhorne, USA., Ogunyemi T; Health Sciences, UnitedHealth Group, Minnetonka, USA., Akinsanya PA; Oncology, Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, USA., Araromi OO; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NGA., Akahara DE; Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, KNA., Okobi OE; Family Medicine, Medficient Health Systems, Laurel, USA.; Family Medicine, Lakeside Medical Center, Belle Glade, USA. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Cureus [Cureus] 2023 May 08; Vol. 15 (5), pp. e38693. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 08 (Print Publication: 2023). |
| DOI: | 10.7759/cureus.38693 |
| Abstrakt: | Melanoma is a skin cancer arising from melanocytes, the cells responsible for synthesizing melanin pigment, which gives the skin its color. Early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma increase survival rates. Clinical examination and biopsy are the primary tools used to diagnose melanoma. However, distinguishing between pre-malignant melanocytic lesions and early invasive melanoma histopathologically remains challenging. Therefore, additional modalities such as a detailed clinical history, imaging, genetic testing, and biomarkers have been applied to diagnose melanoma. This review discusses the current trends in biomarker advancements over the last 10 years to assist in the early detection and diagnosis of melanoma. Biomarkers such as melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs), S100B, microRNAs (miRNAs), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have the potential to aid in the detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of melanoma. However, the application of biomarkers in the diagnosis of melanoma is still evolving. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2023, Nwafor et al.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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