Temporal patterns, spatial risks, and characteristics of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil in the first twenty years of the 21st Century.

Autor: Belo VS; Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Bruhn FRP; Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Barbosa DS; Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Câmara DCP; Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Simões TC; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Buzanovsky LP; Centro Pan-Americano de Febre Aftosa, Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Duarte AGS; Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil., de Melo SN; Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Cardoso DT; Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Donato LE; Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil., Maia-Elkhoury ANS; Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Werneck GL; Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2023 Jun 07; Vol. 17 (6), pp. e0011405. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 07 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011405
Abstrakt: Background: Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a significant public health issue in Brazil. The present ecological study describes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TL cases reported in the country, and analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of the incidences and risks of occurrence across the five geopolitical regions and 27 federative units.
Methodology/principal Findings: Data regarding new cases of TL notified between 2001 and 2020 were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Joinpoint and spatial and temporal generalized additive models were used to establish trends in the evolution of TL during the target period. The incidence rate for the entire period was 226.41 cases/100,000 inhabitants. All regions of Brazil showed trends of decreasing incidence rates, albeit with fluctuations at specific times, with the exception of the Southeast where rates have increased since 2014, most particularly in Minas Gerais state. The disease was concentrated predominantly in the North region, with Acre state leading the incidence rank in the whole country, followed by Mato Grosso (Midwest), Maranhão and Bahia (Northeast) states. The spatial distribution of the risk of TL occurrence in relation to the annual averages was relatively stable throughout the period. The cutaneous form of TL was predominant and cases most frequently occurred in rural areas and among men of working age. The ages of individuals contracting TL tended to increase during the time series. Finally, the proportion of confirmations by laboratory tests was lower in the Northeast.
Conclusion/significance: TL shows a declining trend in Brazil, but its widespread occurrence and the presence of areas with increasing incidence rates demonstrate the persistent relevance of this disease and the need for constant monitoring. Our findings reinforce the importance of temporal and spatial tools in epidemiologic surveillance routines and are valuable for targeting preventive and control actions.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2023 Belo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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