| Autor: |
Pillay TD; Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK., Hettiarachchi SU; Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Gan J; Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Diaz-Del-Olmo I; Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK., Yu XJ; Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK., Muench JH; Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK., Thurston TLM; Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK., Pearson JS; Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Salmonella injects over 40 virulence factors, termed effectors, into host cells to subvert diverse host cellular processes. Of these 40 Salmonella effectors, at least 25 have been described as mediating eukaryotic-like, biochemical post-translational modifications (PTMs) of host proteins, altering the outcome of infection. The downstream changes mediated by an effector's enzymatic activity range from highly specific to multifunctional, and altogether their combined action impacts the function of an impressive array of host cellular processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and both innate and adaptive immune responses. Salmonella and related Gram-negative pathogens have been a rich resource for the discovery of unique enzymatic activities, expanding our understanding of host signalling networks, bacterial pathogenesis as well as basic biochemistry. In this review, we provide an up-to-date assessment of host manipulation mediated by the Salmonella type III secretion system injectosome, exploring the cellular effects of diverse effector activities with a particular focus on PTMs and the implications for infection outcomes. We also highlight activities and functions of numerous effectors that remain poorly characterized. |
