Ecological drivers of sustained enzootic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil, 2017-2021.

Autor: Silva NIO; Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Albery GF; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America., Arruda MS; Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Oliveira GFG; Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Costa TA; Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., de Mello ÉM; Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Laboratório de Zoonoses-Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Moreira GD; Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Reis EV; Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Silva SAD; Laboratório de Zoonoses-Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Silva MC; Laboratório de Zoonoses-Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., de Almeida MG; Laboratório de Zoonoses-Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Becker DJ; Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America., Carlson CJ; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America.; Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America., Vasilakis N; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.; Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America., Hanley KA; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America., Drumond BP; Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2023 Jun 05; Vol. 17 (6), pp. e0011407. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 05 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011407
Abstrakt: Beginning December 2016, sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreaks spread into southeastern Brazil, and Minas Gerais state experienced two sylvatic YF waves (2017 and 2018). Following these massive YF waves, we screened 187 free-living non-human primate (NHPs) carcasses collected throughout the state between January 2019 and June 2021 for YF virus (YFV) using RTqPCR. One sample belonging to a Callithrix, collected in June 2020, was positive for YFV. The viral strain belonged to the same lineage associated with 2017-2018 outbreaks, showing the continued enzootic circulation of YFV in the state. Next, using data from 781 NHPs carcasses collected in 2017-18, we used generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to identify the spatiotemporal and host-level drivers of YFV infection and intensity (an estimation of genomic viral load in the liver of infected NHP). Our GAMMs explained 65% and 68% of variation in virus infection and intensity, respectively, and uncovered strong temporal and spatial patterns for YFV infection and intensity. NHP infection was higher in the eastern part of Minas Gerais state, where 2017-2018 outbreaks affecting humans and NHPs were concentrated. The odds of YFV infection were significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas than from urban-rural or rural areas, while infection intensity was significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas or the urban-rural interface relative to rural areas. Both YFV infection and intensity were higher during the warm/rainy season compared to the cold/dry season. The higher YFV intensity in NHPs in warm/rainy periods could be a result of higher exposure to vectors and/or higher virus titers in vectors during this time resulting in the delivery of a higher virus dose and higher viral replication levels within NHPs. Further studies are needed to better test this hypothesis and further compare the dynamics of YFV enzootic cycles between different seasons.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2023 Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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