Trends in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents across Two Decades.

Autor:	Herrera-Ramos E; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain., Tomaino L; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain., Sánchez-Villegas A; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; IS-FOOD-Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain., Ribas-Barba L; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (FIN), Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain., Gómez SF; Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain.; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.; GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25008 Lleida, Spain., Wärnberg J; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; EpiPHAAN Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain., Osés M; IS-FOOD-Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain., González-Gross M; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain., Gusi N; Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain., Aznar S; PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain., Marín-Cascales E; Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain.; Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain., González-Valeiro MÁ; Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universida de da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain., Terrados N; Regional Unit of Sports Medicine-Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33402 Avilés, Spain.; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain., Tur JA; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain., Segú M; Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain., Fitó M; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain., Homs C; Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain.; Global Research on Wellbeing (GroW), Faculty of Health Sciences, Blanquerna Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain., Benavente-Marín JC; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; EpiPHAAN Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain., Labayen I; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; IS-FOOD-Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain., Zapico AG; ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Computense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain., Sánchez-Gómez J; Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain., Jiménez-Zazo F; PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain., Alcaraz-Ramón PE; Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain.; Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain., Sevilla-Sanchez M; Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universida de da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain., Pulgar-Muñoz S; Regional Unit of Sports Medicine-Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33402 Avilés, Spain.; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain., Bouzas C; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain., Sistac-Sorigué C; Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain., Schröder H; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain., Serra-Majem L; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Preventive Medicine Service, Canarian Health Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Nutrients [Nutrients] 2023 May 17; Vol. 15 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 17.
DOI:	10.3390/nu15102348
Abstrakt:	Unhealthy dietary habits determined during childhood may represent a risk factor to many of the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence in children and adolescents (8-16 years) living in Spain was investigated using the KIDMED questionnaire in a comparative analysis of two cross-sectional nationwide representative studies: enKid (1998-2000, n = 1001) and PASOS (2019-2020, n = 3540). Taking into account the educational level of pupils, as well as the characteristics of the place of living, a significant association was found between a KIDMED score ≥ 8 (optimal MD adherence) and primary education as well as residency in an area of <50,000 inhabitants, while living in the southern regions was associated with non-optimal MD adherence ( p < 0.001). Participants of the 2019-2020 study showed an increase in the consumption of dairy products (31.1% increase), pasta/rice (15.4% increase), olive oil (16.9% increase), and nuts (9.7% increase), as well as a decreased sweets and candies intake (12.6% reduction). In contrast, a significantly lower MD adherence was found when comparing the 2019-2020 (mean ± SE: 6.9 ± 0.04) and the 1998-2000 study (7.37 ± 0.08); p < 0.001), due to less consumption of fish (20.3% reduction), pulse (19.4% reduction), and fruits (14.9% reduction), and an increased intake of commercial goods/pastries or fast-food intake (both 19.4% increase). The lowest adherence was recorded for adolescents also in the most recent study, where 10.9% of them presented a KIDMED score ≤ 3. This study shows that eating habits are deteriorating among Spanish children and adolescents. Such findings point out the urgency of undertaking strong measures to promote the consumption of healthy, sustainable, and non-ultra-processed food, such as those available in an MD, not only at a scientific and academic level, but also at a governmental one.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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