| Autor: |
Djuikoue CI; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Montagnes, Bangangte 00237, Cameroon.; American Association of Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte 00237, Cameroon., Yamdeu Djonkouh W; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Montagnes, Bangangte 00237, Cameroon.; American Association of Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte 00237, Cameroon.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang 00237, Cameroon.; Foundation of Epidemiological Surveillance of Biological Germs, Douala 00237, Cameroon., Epie Bekolo C; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang 00237, Cameroon., Kamga Wouambo R; American Association of Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte 00237, Cameroon.; Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany., Carrel Founou R; Department of Microbiology-Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang 00237, Cameroon.; Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durba 4001, South Africa.; Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (ARID), Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon., Djouela Djoulako PD; American Association of Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte 00237, Cameroon.; Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France., Tonfak Temgoua G; Foundation of Epidemiological Surveillance of Biological Germs, Douala 00237, Cameroon.; Deido District Hospital, Douala 00237, Cameroon., Pokam BDT; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon., Antoine-Moussiaux N; Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium., Apalata TR; Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa. |
| Abstrakt: |
The COVID-19 pandemic led to tremendously use of antimicrobial due to the lack of proper treatment strategies, raising concerns about emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed at determining the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of selected bacteria isolates in 02 referral health facilities in Yaoundé before and during the COVID-19 pandemic era. We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 03 years (from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021) in the bacteriology units of the Central and General Hospitals of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Data on bacteria genera ( Streptococcus , Staphylococcus , Neisseria meningitidis and Enterobacteriaceae ) as well as their corresponding specifics antibiotics: Cefixime, azythromycin and erythromycin were obtained from laboratory records. The global resistance rate of bacteria as well as their correlation with antibiotics according to COVID-19 pandemic era was determined and compared. For p < 0.05, the difference was statistically significant. In all, 426 bacterial strains were included. It appeared that the highest number of bacteria isolates and lowest rate of bacterial resistance were recorded during the pre-COVID-19 period in 2019 (160 isolates vs. 58.8% resistance rate). Conversely, lower bacteria strains but greater resistance burden were recorded during the pandemic era (2020 and 2021) with the lowest bacteria amount and peak of bacteria resistance registered in 2020, the year of COVID-19 onset (120 isolates vs. 70% resistance in 2020 and 146 isolates vs. 58.9% resistance in 2021). In contrast to almost all others groups of bacteria where the resistance burden was quite constant or decreasing over years, the Enterobacteriaceae exhibited greater resistance rate during the pandemic period [60% (48/80) in 2019 to 86.9% (60/69) in 2020 and 64.5% (61/95) in 2021)]. Concerning antibiotics, unlike erythromycin, azythromycin related resitance increased during the pandemic period and the resistance to Cefixim tends to decrease the year of the pandemic onset (2020) and re-increase one year therafter. A significant association was found between resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains and cefixime (R = 0.7; p = 0.0001) and also, between resistant Staphylococcus strains and erythromycin (R = 0.8; p = 0.0001). These retrospective data showed a herogeneous MDR bacteria rate and antibiotic resistance pattern over time before and during the COVID-19 pandemic era suggesting that antimicrobial resistance needs to be more closely monitored. |
