From Karl Wurm and Guy Scadding's staging to 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan phenotyping and far beyond: perspective in the evading history of phenotyping in sarcoidosis.

Autor:	Papiris SA; 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, Medical School, General University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Kolilekas L; 7th Pulmonary Department, Athens Chest Hospital 'Sotiria', Athens, Greece., Rivera N; Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Spanos M; Cardiovascular Research Center, Simches 3 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States., Li G; Cardiovascular Research Center, Simches 3 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States., Gokulnath P; Cardiovascular Research Center, Simches 3 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States., Chatterjee E; Cardiovascular Research Center, Simches 3 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States., Georgakopoulos A; 2nd Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine Section, Medical School, General University Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Kallieri M; 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, Medical School, General University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Papaioannou AI; 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, Athens Medical School, Sotiria Chest Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Raptakis T; 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, Medical School, General University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Apollonatou V; 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, Medical School, General University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Antonogiannaki EM; 4th Pulmonary Department, Athens Chest Hospital 'Sotiria', Athens, Greece., Gialafos E; Department of Cardiology, Medical School, General University Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.; First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Chatziioannou S; 2nd Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine Section, Medical School, General University Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece., Grunewald J; Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Manali ED; 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, Medical School, General University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in medicine [Front Med (Lausanne)] 2023 May 10; Vol. 10, pp. 1174518. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 10 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fmed.2023.1174518
Abstrakt:	Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory granulomatous disease of unknown etiology involving any organ or tissue along with any combination of active sites, even the most silent ones clinically. The unpredictable nature of the sites involved in sarcoidosis dictates the highly variable natural history of the disease and the necessity to cluster cases at diagnosis based on clinical and/or imaging common characteristics in an attempt to classify patients based on their more homogeneous phenotypes, possibly with similar clinical behavior, prognosis, outcome, and therefore with therapeutic requirements. In the course of the disease's history, this attempt relates to the availability of a means of detection of the sites involved, from the Karl Wurm and Guy Scadding's chest x-ray staging through the ACCESS, the WASOG Sarcoidosis Organ Assessment Instruments, and the GenPhenReSa study to the 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan phenotyping and far beyond to new technologies and/or the current "omics." The hybrid molecular imaging of the 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan, by unveiling the glucose metabolism of inflammatory cells, can identify high sensitivity inflammatory active granulomas, the hallmark of sarcoidosis-even in clinically and physiologically silent sites-and, as recently shown, is successful in identifying an unexpected ordered stratification into four phenotypes: (I) hilar-mediastinal nodal, (II) lungs and hilar-mediastinal nodal, (III) an extended nodal supraclavicular, thoracic, abdominal, inguinal, and (IV) all the above in addition to systemic organs and tissues, which is therefore the ideal phenotyping instrument. During the "omics era," studies could provide significant, distinct, and exclusive insights into sarcoidosis phenotypes linking clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histologic characteristics with molecular signatures. In this context, the personalization of treatment for sarcoidosis patients might have reached its goal. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Papiris, Kolilekas, Rivera, Spanos, Li, Gokulnath, Chatterjee, Georgakopoulos, Kallieri, Papaioannou, Raptakis, Apollonatou, Antonogiannaki, Gialafos, Chatziioannou, Grunewald and Manali.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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