Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania.

Autor:	Ordodi VL; Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic and Natural Compounds Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania., Hădărugă NG; Department of Food Science, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania., Hădărugă DI; Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic and Natural Compounds Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania., Lukinich-Gruia AT; Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer-OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital Timisoara, Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736 Timisoara, Romania., Mărgineanu M; Dialysis Center Fresenius NephroCare, 220012 Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania., Tatu CA; Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer-OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital Timisoara, Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736 Timisoara, Romania.; Department of Functional Sciences, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania., Păunescu V; Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer-OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital Timisoara, Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736 Timisoara, Romania.; Department of Functional Sciences, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Metabolites [Metabolites] 2023 Apr 28; Vol. 13 (5). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 28.
DOI:	10.3390/metabo13050609
Abstrakt:	Metabolomic analysis methods were employed to determine biomarkers for various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Modern analytical methods were developed and applied successfully to find a specific metabolomic profile in urine samples from CKD and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) patients. The aim was to explore a specific metabolomic profile defined by feasible/easy-to-identify molecular markers. Urine samples were collected from patients with CKDs and BEN, and from healthy subjects from endemic and nonendemic areas in Romania. Metabolomic analysis of urine samples, extracted by the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The statistical exploration of the results was performed through a principal component analysis (PCA) evaluation. Urine samples were statistically analyzed using a classification based on six types of metabolites. Most urinary metabolites are distributed in the center of a loading plot, meaning that these compounds do not represent significant markers for BEN. One of the most frequent and higher-concentration urinary metabolites in BEN patients was p-Cresol, a phenolic compound that implies a severe injury of the renal filtration function. The presence of p-Cresol was associated with protein-bound uremic toxins, which have specific functional groups such as indole and phenyl. In prospective studies for future investigation, prevention, and disease treatment, we suggest a larger sample size, sample extraction using other methods, and analysis using other chromatography techniques coupled with mass spectrometry, which can generate a more significant data set for statistical analysis. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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