| Autor: |
Garcia-Ceron D; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia., Truong TT; Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia., Ratcliffe J; La Trobe Bioimaging Platform, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia., McKenna JA; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia., Bleackley MR; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia., Anderson MA; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Fusarium graminearum ( F. graminearum ) is a filamentous fungus that infects cereals such as corn, wheat, and barley, with serious impact on yield as well as quality when the grain is contaminated with mycotoxins. Despite the huge impact of F. graminearum on food security and mammalian health, the mechanisms used by F. graminearum to export virulence factors during infection are not fully understood and may involve non-classical secretory pathways. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound compartments produced by cells of all kingdoms that transport several classes of macromolecules and are implicated in cell-cell communication. EVs produced by human fungal pathogens carry cargo that facilitate infection, leading us to ask whether plant fungal pathogens also deliver molecules that increase virulence via EVs. We examined the metabolome of the EVs produced by F. graminearum to determine whether they carry small molecules that could modulate plant-pathogen interactions. We discovered that EVs from F. graminearum were produced in liquid medium-containing inducers of trichothecene production, but in lower quantities compared to other media. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and cryo-electron microscopy revealed that the EVs were morphologically similar to EVs from other organisms; hence, the EVs were metabolically profiled using LC-ESI-MS/MS. This analysis revealed that EVs carry 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1) and metabolites that have been suggested by others to have a role in host-pathogen interactions. BP-1 reduced the growth of F. graminearum in an in vitro assay, suggesting that F. graminearum might use EVs to limit metabolite self-toxicity. |
