Demographic reporting and phenotypic exclusion in fNIRS.

Autor:	Kwasa J; Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States., Peterson HM; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States., Karrobi K; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States., Jones L; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States., Parker T; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States., Nickerson N; Combined Program in Education and Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States., Wood S; Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in neuroscience [Front Neurosci] 2023 May 09; Vol. 17, pp. 1086208. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 09 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fnins.2023.1086208
Abstrakt:	Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) promises to be a leading non-invasive neuroimaging method due to its portability and low cost. However, concerns are rising over its inclusivity of all skin tones and hair types (Parker and Ricard, 2022, Webb et al., 2022). Functional NIRS relies on direct contact of light-emitting optodes to the scalp, which can be blocked more by longer, darker, and especially curlier hair. Additionally, NIR light can be attenuated by melanin, which is accounted for in neither fNIRS hardware nor analysis methods. Recent work has shown that overlooking these considerations in other modalities like EEG leads to the disproportionate exclusion of individuals with these phenotypes-especially Black people-in both clinical and research literature (Choy, 2020; Bradford et al., 2022; Louis et al., 2023). In this article, we sought to determine if (Jöbsis, 1977) biomedical optics developers and researchers report fNIRS performance variability between skin tones and hair textures, (2a) fNIRS neuroscience practitioners report phenotypic and demographic details in their articles, and thus, (2b) is a similar pattern of participant exclusion found in EEG also present in the fNIRS literature. We present a literature review of top Biomedical Optics and Human Neuroscience journals, showing that demographic and phenotypic reporting is unpopular in both fNIRS development and neuroscience applications. We conclude with a list of recommendations to the fNIRS community including examples of Black researchers addressing these issues head-on, inclusive best practices for fNIRS researchers, and recommendations to funding and regulatory bodies to achieve an inclusive neuroscience enterprise in fNIRS and beyond. Competing Interests: JK was employed by Precision Neuroscopics, Inc., a designer of inclusive EEG electrodes. This study received funding from Meta Reality Labs. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication. All authors declare no other competinginterests. (Copyright © 2023 Kwasa, Peterson, Karrobi, Jones, Parker, Nickerson and Wood.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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