Into the backyard: Multiple detections of PCV-2e in rural pig farms of Northern Italy. An unexpected ecological niche?

Autor: Faustini G; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, PD, Italy., Tucciarone CM; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, PD, Italy., Legnardi M; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, PD, Italy., Grassi L; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, PD, Italy., Berto G; Dipartimento di Prevenzione, AULSS 8 Berica, Via Giovanni Giuseppe Cappellari 6, Vicenza 36100, Italy., Drigo M; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, PD, Italy., Cecchinato M; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, PD, Italy., Franzo G; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, PD, Italy. Electronic address: giovanni.franzo@unipd.it.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Preventive veterinary medicine [Prev Vet Med] 2023 Jul; Vol. 216, pp. 105943. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 18.
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105943
Abstrakt: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is among the most burdensome viruses of the swine industry globally. Several genotypes have been periodically emerging, but just three of them (PCV-2a, PCV-2b, and PCV-2d) seem to circulate worldwide and be associated with the disease. Conversely, the spatial-temporal distribution of minor genotypes appears limited and their clinical relevance is still unclear. Recently PCV-2e was incidentally detected for the first time in Europe in a breeding farm in Northeastern Italy, while no connection could be established with countries where this genotype had been previously detected. To investigate circulating genotypes in the neglected rural context and provide a comparison with the most explored industrial context, a molecular survey was performed on samples collected in rural (n = 72) and industrial farms (n = 110) located in the same geographic area. Phylogenetic analysis surprisingly evidenced PCV-2e circulation only in pigs reared in backyard farms (n = 5), while major genotypes (PCV-2a, -2b, -2d) circulate in both rearing contexts. However, the close genetic similarity between the herein detected PCV-2e strains and the previously reported one testify that, although unusual, such rural-to-industrial strains exchange affected also PCV-2e. The greater genetic and phenotypic diversity of PCV-2e genotype compared to other ones might threaten the protection granted by current vaccines. The present study suggests the rural context as an ecological niche for the circulation of PCV-2e, and even of other minor genotypes. PCV-2e detection in pigs with outdoor access further stresses the epidemiological role of backyard farms as interfaces for pathogen introduction, potentially ascribable to the different rearing approaches, lower managerial and biosecurity capabilities, and easier contacts with wildlife.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: