The indirect effect of cognitive reserve on the relationship between age and cognition in pathological ageing: A cross-sectional retrospective study in an unselected and consecutively enrolled sample.

Autor: Giaquinto F; Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy., Tosi G; Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.; Psychology Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy., Abbatantuono C; Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience 'DiBraiN', University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy., Pepe I; Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience 'DiBraiN', University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy., Iaia M; Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy., Macchitella L; Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.; Scientific Institute I.R.C.C.S. 'E. Medea'- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults (Developmental Neurology and Neurorehabilitation), Brindisi, Italy., Rizzi E; Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.; Psychology Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy., De Caro MF; Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience 'DiBraiN', University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy., Romano D; Psychology Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy., Taurisano P; Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience 'DiBraiN', University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy., Angelelli P; Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of neuropsychology [J Neuropsychol] 2023 Sep; Vol. 17 (3), pp. 477-490. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 15.
DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12323
Abstrakt: Cognitive reserve (CR) allows individuals to maintain cognitive functionality even in the presence of pathologies. The compensation hypothesis suggests that CR plays an indirect role between age and cognitive decline, contrasting the negative effect of ageing on cognition. We test this hypothesis in an unselected and consecutively enrolled sample of memory clinic attendees (n = 134) who completed the CR Index questionnaire and three neuropsychological tests assessing global cognition (MMSE, FAB, CDT). Participants were divided into two groups based on standard diagnostic criteria (DSM-5): those who were cognitively impaired (n = 92) and those who were preserved (n = 42). A principal component analysis was used to extract a composite measure of global cognitive functioning from the three neuropsychological tests, and mediation analysis was used to examine the relationship between CR, age and global cognitive functioning in the two groups. Results revealed that: (i) age had a significant direct negative effect on the global cognitive score in both groups; (ii) the three socio-behavioural proxies of CR together suppress the direct negative relationship between age and global cognitive score in cognitively impaired patients but not in cognitively preserved participants. This study confirms the association between CR, age and cognition and allows us to validate its role in a population with cognitive impairment and extend findings to a low-to-middle educated population. These results hold important implications for public health and wellness promotion, emphasising the beneficial role of maintaining healthy and active physical, cognitive and social lifestyles.
(© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Neuropsychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The British Psychological Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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