Longitudinal humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in a population-based cohort in Zurich, Switzerland between March and June 2022 - evidence for protection against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection by neutralizing antibodies and spike-specific T-cell responses.

Autor:	Zens KD; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland., Llanas-Cornejo D; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland., Menges D; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland., Fehr JS; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland., Münz C; Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland., Puhan MA; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland., Frei A; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: anja.frei@uzh.ch.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases [Int J Infect Dis] 2023 Aug; Vol. 133, pp. 18-26. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 05.
DOI:	10.1016/j.ijid.2023.04.407
Abstrakt:	Objectives: The correlate(s) of protection against SARS-CoV-2 remain incompletely defined. Additional information regarding the combinations of antibody and T cell-mediated immunity which can protect against (re)infection is needed. Methods: We conducted a population-based, longitudinal cohort study including 1044 individuals of varying SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection statuses. We assessed spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-immunoglobulin(Ig)G and wildtype, Delta, and Omicron-neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) activity. In a subset of 328 individuals, we evaluated S, membrane (M), and N-specific T cells. Three months later, we reassessed Ab (n = 964) and T cell (n = 141) responses and evaluated factors associated with protection from (re)infection. Results: At the study start, >98% of participants were S-IgG seropositive. N-IgG and M/N-T-cell responses increased over time, indicating viral (re)exposure, despite existing S-IgG. Compared to N-IgG, M/N-T cells were a more sensitive measure of viral exposure. High N-IgG titers, Omicron-N-Ab activity, and S-specific-T-cell responses were all associated with a reduced likelihood of (re)infection over time. Conclusion: Population-level SARS-CoV-2 immunity is S-IgG-dominated, but heterogeneous. M/N-T-cell responses can distinguish previous infection from vaccination, and monitoring a combination of N-IgG, Omicron-N-Ab, and S-T-cell responses may help estimate protection against SARS-CoV-2 (re)infection. Competing Interests: Declarations of competing interest The authors have no competing interests to declare. (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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