Naringenin and β-carotene convert human white adipocytes to a beige phenotype and elevate hormone- stimulated lipolysis.

Autor:	Coulter AA; Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Greenway FL; Clinical Trials, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Zhang D; Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Ghosh S; Adjunct Faculty, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Coulter CR; Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States., James SL; Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States., He Y; Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Cusimano LA; Cusimano Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Rebello CJ; Nutrition and Chronic Disease, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in endocrinology [Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)] 2023 Apr 17; Vol. 14, pp. 1148954. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 17 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fendo.2023.1148954
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Naringenin, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator found in citrus fruits, upregulates markers of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in human adipose tissue. Our pharmacokinetics clinical trial demonstrated that naringenin is safe and bioavailable, and our case report showed that naringenin causes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic-X-receptors (RXRs) at promoter elements of target genes. Retinoic acid is an RXR ligand metabolized from dietary carotenoids. The carotenoid β-carotene reduces adiposity and insulin resistance in clinical trials. Our goal was to examine if carotenoids strengthen the beneficial effects of naringenin on human adipocyte metabolism. Methods: Human preadipocytes from donors with obesity were differentiated in culture and treated with 8µM naringenin + 2µM β-carotene (NRBC) for seven days. Candidate genes involved in thermogenesis and glucose metabolism were measured as well as hormone-stimulated lipolysis. Results: We found that β-carotene acts synergistically with naringenin to boost UCP1 and glucose metabolism genes including GLUT4 and adiponectin, compared to naringenin alone. Protein levels of PPARα, PPARγ and PPARγ-coactivator-1α, key modulators of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity, were also upregulated after treatment with NRBC. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted and the bioinformatics analyses of the data revealed that NRBC induced enzymes for several non-UCP1 pathways for energy expenditure including triglyceride cycling, creatine kinases, and Peptidase M20 Domain Containing 1 (PM20D1). A comprehensive analysis of changes in receptor expression showed that NRBC upregulated eight receptors that have been linked to lipolysis or thermogenesis including the β1-adrenergic receptor and the parathyroid hormone receptor. NRBC increased levels of triglyceride lipases and agonist-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes. We observed that expression of RXRγ, an isoform of unknown function, was induced ten-fold after treatment with NRBC. We show that RXRγ is a coactivator bound to the immunoprecipitated PPARγ protein complex from white and beige human adipocytes. Discussion: There is a need for obesity treatments that can be administered long-term without side effects. NRBC increases the abundance and lipolytic response of multiple receptors for hormones released after exercise and cold exposure. Lipolysis provides the fuel for thermogenesis, and these observations suggest that NRBC has therapeutic potential. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Coulter, Greenway, Zhang, Ghosh, Coulter, James, He, Cusimano and Rebello.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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