Spatiotemporal variations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid with the role of sugarcane industry and related human health risk assessments in the Shadegan International Wetland.

Autor: Jorfi S; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Almasi H; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran. h.almasi14@yahoo.com., Takdastan A; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Jaafarzadeh N; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Tahmasebi Y; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Babaei A; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental geochemistry and health [Environ Geochem Health] 2023 Jul; Vol. 45 (7), pp. 5279-5291. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 29.
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01573-0
Abstrakt: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the most important pesticide widely used in Khuzestan province. This study aimed to determine the ecological risks assessment in fish, plant tissues, and trends in 2,4-D urinary biomarker concentration in humans of Shadegan International wetland, Iran. Sampling was carried out from three areas: freshwater, saltwater, and brackish water. The average concentration of 2,4-D at point 38, taken from the wetland's northern parts, was 15.73 µg/L. In the lower regions, it reached 326 µg/L at point 25. From points 37 to 16, it was higher than the international standard. The increasing trend of 2,4-D concentration was observed from point 36 to the middle of the wetland. The non-carcinogenic risk through ingestion and skin contact for children and adults was 3E-3 and 1.5E-2, 2.1E-3, and 8.6E-5, respectively, and through fish, consumption was 7.1E-4 for both groups. HI values were below one (< 1), indicating no health risk. HQ values in the summer were more than one (> 1), indicating the high risk to aquatic organisms and human health.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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