| Autor: |
Marrazzo P; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy., Mandrone M; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy., Chiocchio I; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy., Zambonin L; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy., Barbalace MC; Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy., Zalambani C; Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy., Angeloni C; Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy., Malaguti M; Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy., Prata C; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy., Poli F; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy., Fiorentini D; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy., Hrelia S; Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy. |
| Abstrakt: |
Castanea sativa is very common in Italy, and the large amount of waste material generated during chestnut processing has a high environmental impact. Several studies demonstrated that chestnut by-products are a good source of bioactive compounds, mainly endowed with antioxidant properties. This study further investigates the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of chestnut leaf and spiny bur extracts, together with the deepest phytochemical characterisation (by NMR and MS) of active biomolecules contained in leaf extracts, which resulted in being more effective than spiny bur ones. BV-2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as a model of neuroinflammation. In BV-2 cells pre-treated with chestnut extracts, LPS signalling is partially blocked via the reduced expression of TLR4 and CD14 as well as the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory markers. Leaf extract fractions revealed the presence of specific flavonoids, such as isorhamnetin glucoside, astragalin, myricitrin, kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl (1-6)(2″-trans-p-coumaroyl)hexoside, tiliroside and unsaturated fatty acids, all of which could be responsible for the observed anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Interestingly, the kaempferol derivative has been identified in chestnut for the first time. In conclusion, the exploitation of chestnut by-products is suitable for the achievement of two goals: satisfaction of consumers' demand for new, natural bio-active compounds and valorisation of by-products. |
