Lassa Fever Natural History and Clinical Management.
| Autor: | Grant DS; Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kenema, Sierra Leone.; College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences (COMAHS), University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone., Samuels RJ; Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kenema, Sierra Leone., Garry RF; School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.; Zalgen Labs, Frederick, MD, 21703, USA.; Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA., Schieffelin JS; School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. jschieff@tulane.edu. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Current topics in microbiology and immunology [Curr Top Microbiol Immunol] 2023; Vol. 440, pp. 165-192. |
| DOI: | 10.1007/82_2023_263 |
| Abstrakt: | Lassa fever is caused by Lassa virus (LASV), an Old World Mammarenavirus that is carried by Mastomys natalensis and other rodents. It is endemic in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and other countries in West Africa. The clinical presentation of LASV infection is heterogenous varying from an inapparent or mild illness to a fatal hemorrhagic fever. Exposure to LASV is usually through contact with rodent excreta. After an incubation period of 1-3 weeks, initial symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue develop that may progress to sore throat, retrosternal chest pain, conjunctival injection, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Severe illness, including hypotension, shock, and multiorgan failure, develops in a minority of patients. Patient demographics and case fatality rates are distinctly different in Sierra Leone and Nigeria. Laboratory diagnosis relies on the detection of LASV antigens or genomic RNA. LASV-specific immunoglobulin G and M assays can also contribute to clinical management. The mainstay of treatment for Lassa fever is supportive care. The nucleoside analog ribavirin is commonly used to treat acute Lassa fever but is considered useful only if treatment is begun early in the disease course. Drugs in development, including a monoclonal antibody cocktail, have the potential to impact the management of Lassa fever. (© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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