Phenotypic effects of Am genomes in nascent synthetic hexaploids derived from interspecific crosses between durum and wild einkorn wheat.

Autor: Michikawa A; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan., Okada M; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan., Ikeda TM; Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan., Nagaki K; Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan., Yoshida K; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan., Takumi S; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2023 Apr 27; Vol. 18 (4), pp. e0284408. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 27 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284408
Abstrakt: Allopolyploid speciation is a major evolutionary process in wheat (Triticum spp.) and the related Aegilops species. The generation of synthetic polyploids by interspecific crosses artificially reproduces the allopolyploidization of wheat and its relatives. These synthetic polyploids allow breeders to introduce agriculturally important traits into durum and common wheat cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic and phenotypic diversity in wild einkorn Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell., to generate a set of synthetic hexaploid lines containing the various Am genomes from wild einkorn, and to reveal their trait characteristics. We examined the genetic diversity of 43 wild einkorn accessions using simple sequence repeat markers covering all the chromosomes and revealed two genetically divergent lineages, L1 and L2. The genetic divergence between these lineages was linked to their phenotypic divergence and their habitats. L1 accessions were characterized by early flowering, fewer spikelets, and large spikelets compared to L2 accessions. These trait differences could have resulted from adaptation to their different habitats. We then developed 42 synthetic hexaploids containing the AABBAmAm genome through interspecific crosses between T. turgidum cv. Langdon (AABB genome) as the female parent and the wild einkorn accessions (AmAm genome) as the male parents. Two of the 42 AABBAmAm synthetic hexaploids exhibited hybrid dwarfness. The phenotypic divergence between L1 and L2 accessions of wild einkorn, especially for days to flowering and spikelet-related traits, significantly reflected phenotypic differences in the synthetic hexaploids. The differences in plant height and internodes between the lineages were more distinct in the hexaploid backgrounds. Furthermore, the AABBAmAm synthetic hexaploids had longer spikelets and grains, long awns, high plant heights, soft grains, and late flowering, which are distinct from other synthetic hexaploid wheat lines such as AABBDD. Utilization of various Am genomes of wild einkorn resulted in wide phenotypic diversity in the AABBAmAm synthetic hexaploids and provides promising new breeding materials for wheat.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2023 Michikawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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