Photochemically produced SO 2 in the atmosphere of WASP-39b.

Autor: Tsai SM; Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. shangmit@ucr.edu.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA. shangmit@ucr.edu., Lee EKH; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Powell D; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA., Gao P; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA., Zhang X; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Moses J; Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA., Hébrard E; University of Exeter, Exeter, UK., Venot O; Université de Paris Cité and Univ. Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, Paris, France., Parmentier V; Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France., Jordan S; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Hu R; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA., Alam MK; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA., Alderson L; School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Batalha NM; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Bean JL; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Benneke B; Department of Physics and Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Bierson CJ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA., Brady RP; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK., Carone L; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria., Carter AL; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Chubb KL; Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK., Inglis J; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Leconte J; Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France., Line M; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA., López-Morales M; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA., Miguel Y; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands.; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, the Netherlands., Molaverdikhani K; Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Exzellenzcluster Origins, Munich, Germany., Rustamkulov Z; Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Sing DK; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Stevenson KB; Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA., Wakeford HR; School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Yang J; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA., Aggarwal K; Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India., Baeyens R; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Barat S; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., de Val-Borro M; Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA., Daylan T; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA., Fortney JJ; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., France K; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA., Goyal JM; School of Earth and Planetary Sciences (SEPS), National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India., Grant D; School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Kirk J; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK., Kreidberg L; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany., Louca A; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands., Moran SE; Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Mukherjee S; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Nasedkin E; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany., Ohno K; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Rackham BV; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Redfield S; Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA., Taylor J; Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Department of Physics and Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Tremblin P; Maison de la Simulation, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Visscher C; Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA.; Chemistry and Planetary Sciences, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, USA., Wallack NL; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA.; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA., Welbanks L; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA., Youngblood A; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA., Ahrer EM; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Batalha NE; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA., Behr P; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA., Berta-Thompson ZK; Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA., Blecic J; Department of Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.; Center for Astro, Particle, and Planetary Physics (CAP3), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates., Casewell SL; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Crossfield IJM; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA., Crouzet N; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands., Cubillos PE; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria.; INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy., Decin L; Institute of Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Désert JM; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Feinstein AD; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Gibson NP; School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Harrington J; Planetary Sciences Group, Department of Physics and Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA., Heng K; Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Henning T; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany., Kempton EM; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Krick J; Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA., Lagage PO; Maison de la Simulation, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Lendl M; Département d'Astronomie, Université de Genève, Sauverny, Switzerland., Lothringer JD; Department of Physics, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA., Mansfield M; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Mayne NJ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK., Mikal-Evans T; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany., Palle E; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain., Schlawin E; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Shorttle O; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Wheatley PJ; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Yurchenko SN; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2023 May; Vol. 617 (7961), pp. 483-487. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 26.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05902-2
Abstrakt: Photochemistry is a fundamental process of planetary atmospheres that regulates the atmospheric composition and stability 1 . However, no unambiguous photochemical products have been detected in exoplanet atmospheres so far. Recent observations from the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Program 2,3 found a spectral absorption feature at 4.05 μm arising from sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the atmosphere of WASP-39b. WASP-39b is a 1.27-Jupiter-radii, Saturn-mass (0.28 M J ) gas giant exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star with an equilibrium temperature of around 1,100 K (ref.  4 ). The most plausible way of generating SO 2 in such an atmosphere is through photochemical processes 5,6 . Here we show that the SO 2 distribution computed by a suite of photochemical models robustly explains the 4.05-μm spectral feature identified by JWST transmission observations 7 with NIRSpec PRISM (2.7σ) 8 and G395H (4.5σ) 9 . SO 2 is produced by successive oxidation of sulfur radicals freed when hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is destroyed. The sensitivity of the SO 2 feature to the enrichment of the atmosphere by heavy elements (metallicity) suggests that it can be used as a tracer of atmospheric properties, with WASP-39b exhibiting an inferred metallicity of about 10× solar. We further point out that SO 2 also shows observable features at ultraviolet and thermal infrared wavelengths not available from the existing observations.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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