Unravelling the genetic diversity and population structure of common walnut in the Iranian Plateau.

Autor: Shahi Shavvon R; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran. r.shahi@yu.ac.ir., Qi HL; CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.; Germplasm of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.; School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China., Mafakheri M; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA., Fan PZ; Germplasm of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China., Wu HY; CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China., Bazdid Vahdati F; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Al-Shmgani HS; Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq., Wang YH; School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China., Liu J; CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China. liujie@mail.kib.ac.cn.; Germplasm of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China. liujie@mail.kib.ac.cn.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC plant biology [BMC Plant Biol] 2023 Apr 18; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 201. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 18.
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04190-2
Abstrakt: Background: Common walnut (Juglans regia L.) has a long cultivation history, given its highly valuable wood and rich nutritious nuts. The Iranian Plateau has been considered as one of the last glaciation refugia and a centre of origin and domestication for the common walnut. However, a prerequisite to conserve or utilize the genetic resources of J. regia in the plateau is a comprehensive evaluation of the genetic diversity that is conspicuously lacking. In this regard, we used 31 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to delineate the genetic variation and population structure of 508 J. regia individuals among 27 populations from the Iranian Plateau.
Results: The SSR markers expressed a high level of genetic diversity (H O = 0.438, and H E = 0.437). Genetic differentiation among the populations was moderate (F ST = 0.124), and genetic variation within the populations (79%) significantly surpassed among populations (21%). The gene flow (N m = 1.840) may have remarkably influenced the population genetic structure of J. regia, which can be attributed to anthropological activities and wind dispersal of pollen. The STRUCTURE analysis divided the 27 populations into two main clusters. Comparing the neighbor-joining and principal coordinate analysis dendrograms and the Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis revealed the general agreement between the population subdivisions and the genetic relationships among the populations. However, a few geographically close populations dispersed into different clusters. Further, the low genetic diversity of the Sulaymaniyah (SMR) population of Iraq necessitates urgent conservation by propagation and seedling management or tissue culture methods; additionally, we recommend the indispensable preservation of the Gonabad (RGR) and Arak (AKR) populations in Iran.
Conclusions: These results reflected consistent high geographical affinity of the accession across the plateau. Our findings suggest that gene flow is a driving factor influencing the genetic structure of J. regia populations, whereas ecological and geological variables did not act as strong barriers. Moreover, the data reported herein provide new insights into the population structure of J. regia germplasm, which will help conserve genetic resources for the future, hence improving walnut breeding programs' efficiency.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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