Altitude, not potential larval habitat availability, explains pronounced variation in Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in the western Kenya highlands.

Autor:	Oduma CO; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya.; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya., Ombok M; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya., Zhao X; Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America., Huwe T; Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America., Ondigo BN; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya.; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya., Kazura JW; Case Western Reserve University, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Cleveland, OH, United States of America., Grieco J; Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America., Achee N; Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America., Liu F; Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America.; Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America., Ochomo E; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya., Koepfli C; Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PLOS global public health [PLOS Glob Public Health] 2023 Apr 17; Vol. 3 (4), pp. e0001505. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 17 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pgph.0001505
Abstrakt:	Progress in malaria control has stalled over the recent years. Knowledge on main drivers of transmission explaining small-scale variation in prevalence can inform targeted control measures. We collected finger-prick blood samples from 3061 individuals irrespective of clinical symptoms in 20 clusters in Busia in western Kenya and screened for Plasmodium falciparum parasites using qPCR and microscopy. Clusters spanned an altitude range of 207 meters (1077-1284 m). We mapped potential mosquito larval habitats and determined their number within 250 m of a household and distances to households using ArcMap. Across all clusters, P. falciparum parasites were detected in 49.8% (1524/3061) of individuals by qPCR and 19.5% (596/3061) by microscopy. Across the clusters, prevalence ranged from 26% to 70% by qPCR. Three to 34 larval habitats per cluster and 0-17 habitats within a 250m radius around households were observed. Using a generalized linear mixed effect model (GLMM), a 5% decrease in the odds of getting infected per each 10m increase in altitude was observed, while the number of larval habitats and their proximity to households were not statistically significant predictors for prevalence. Kitchen located indoors, open eaves, a lower level of education of the household head, older age, and being male were significantly associated with higher prevalence. Pronounced variation in prevalence at small scales was observed and needs to be taken into account for malaria surveillance and control. Potential larval habitat frequency had no direct impact on prevalence. Competing Interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist. (Copyright: © 2023 Oduma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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