Microbial life in 25-m-deep boreholes in ancient permafrost illuminated by metagenomics.

Autor: Wu X; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1605, USA., Almatari AL; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1605, USA., Cyr WA; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1605, USA., Williams DE; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1605, USA., Pfiffner SM; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1605, USA., Rivkina EM; Soil Cryology Laboratory, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, 142290., Lloyd KG; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA., Vishnivetskaya TA; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1605, USA. tvishniv@utk.edu.; Soil Cryology Laboratory, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, 142290. tvishniv@utk.edu.; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. tvishniv@utk.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental microbiome [Environ Microbiome] 2023 Apr 13; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 33. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 13.
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00487-9
Abstrakt: This study describes the composition and potential metabolic adaptation of microbial communities in northeastern Siberia, a repository of the oldest permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere. Samples of contrasting depth (1.75 to 25.1 m below surface), age (from ~ 10 kyr to 1.1 Myr) and salinity (from low 0.1-0.2 ppt and brackish 0.3-1.3 ppt to saline 6.1 ppt) were collected from freshwater permafrost (FP) of borehole AL1_15 on the Alazeya River, and coastal brackish permafrost (BP) overlying marine permafrost (MP) of borehole CH1_17 on the East Siberian Sea coast. To avoid the limited view provided with culturing work, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to show that the biodiversity decreased dramatically with permafrost age. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis placed the samples into three groups: FP and BP together (10-100 kyr old), MP (105-120 kyr old), and FP (> 900 kyr old). Younger FP/BP deposits were distinguished by the presence of Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexota_A, and Gemmatimonadota, older FP deposits had a higher proportion of Gammaproteobacteria, and older MP deposits had much more uncultured groups within Asgardarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Chloroflexota, Patescibacteria, and unassigned archaea. The 60 recovered metagenome-assembled genomes and un-binned metagenomic assemblies suggested that despite the large taxonomic differences between samples, they all had a wide range of taxa capable of fermentation coupled to nitrate utilization, with the exception of sulfur reduction present only in old MP deposits.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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