| Autor: |
Thakur M; Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland., Junho CVC; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany (C.V.C.J., H.N.)., Bernhard SM; Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland., Schindewolf M; Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland., Noels H; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany (C.V.C.J., H.N.).; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (H.N.)., Döring Y; Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (Y.D.).; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany (Y.D.). |
| Abstrakt: |
Arterial and venous thrombosis constitute a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Association between thrombotic complications and cardiovascular and other chronic inflammatory diseases are well described. Inflammation and subsequent initiation of thrombotic events, termed immunothrombosis, also receive growing attention but are still incompletely understood. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of aberrant immunothrombosis, referred to as thromboinflammation, is evident by an increased risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular events in patients with inflammatory or infectious diseases. Proinflammatory mediators released from platelets, complement activation, and the formation of NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) initiate and foster immunothrombosis. In this review, we highlight and discuss prominent and emerging interrelationships and functions between NETs and other mediators in immunothrombosis in cardiovascular disease. Also, with patients with chronic kidney disease suffering from increased cardiovascular and thrombotic risk, we summarize current knowledge on neutrophil phenotype, function, and NET formation in chronic kidney disease. In addition, we elaborate on therapeutic targeting of NETs-induced immunothrombosis. A better understanding of the functional relevance of antithrombotic mediators which do not increase bleeding risk may provide opportunities for successful therapeutic interventions to reduce thrombotic risk beyond current treatment options. |
