| Autor: |
Logan-Jackson AR; Building Energy and Environment Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States., Batista MD; Building Energy and Environment Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States., Healy W; Building Energy and Environment Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States., Ullah T; Building Energy and Environment Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States., Whelton AJ; Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States., Bartrand TA; Environmental Science, Policy, and Research Institute, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania 19004, United States., Proctor C; Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Residential buildings provide unique conditions for opportunistic premise plumbing pathogen (OPPP) exposure via aerosolized water droplets produced by showerheads, faucets, and tubs. The objective of this review was to critically evaluate the existing literature that assessed the impact of potentially enhancing conditions to OPPP occurrence associated with residential plumbing and to point out knowledge gaps. Comprehensive studies on the topic were found to be lacking. Major knowledge gaps identified include the assessment of OPPP growth in the residential plumbing, from building entry to fixtures, and evaluation of the extent of the impact of typical residential plumbing design (e.g., trunk and branch and manifold), components (e.g., valves and fixtures), water heater types and temperature setting of operation, and common pipe materials (copper, PEX, and PVC/CPVC). In addition, impacts of the current plumbing code requirements on OPPP responses have not been assessed by any study and a lack of guidelines for OPPP risk management in residences was identified. Finally, the research required to expand knowledge on OPPP amplification in residences was discussed. |
