Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir): A new approach to Covid-19 therapy?

Autor: Hashemian SMR; Critical Care Department, National Research Institute ofTuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science,Tehran, Iran; Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National ResearchInstitute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University ofMedical Science, Tehran, Iran., Sheida A; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan Universityof Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Taghizadieh M; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women'sHealth Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Memar MY; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz Universityof Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Hamblin MR; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa., Bannazadeh Baghi H; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz Universityof Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Sadri Nahand J; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz Universityof Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: javidsadri65@gmail.com., Asemi Z; Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Mirzaei H; Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Electronic address: mirzaei-h@kaums.ac.ir.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie [Biomed Pharmacother] 2023 Jun; Vol. 162, pp. 114367. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 06.
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114367
Abstrakt: Despite the need for novel, effective therapeutics for the COVID-19 pandemic, no curative regimen is yet available, therefore patients are forced to rely on supportive and nonspecific therapies. Some SARS-CoV-2 proteins, like the 3 C-like protease (3CLpro) or the major protease (Mpro), have been identified as promising targets for antiviral drugs. The Mpro has major a role in protein processing as well as pathogenesis of the virus, and could be a useful therapeutic target. The antiviral drug nirmatrelvir can keep SARS-CoV-2 from replicating through inhibiting Mpro. Nirmatrelvir was combined with another HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, to create Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir). The metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 3 A is inhibited by ritonavir to lengthen the half-life of nirmatrelvir, so rintonavir acts as a pharmacological enhancer. Nirmatrelvir exhibits potent antiviral activity against current coronavirus variants, despite significant alterations in the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome. Nevertheless, there are still several unanswered questions. This review summarizes the current literature on nirmatrelvir and ritonavir efficacy in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection, and also their safety and possible side effects.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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